Can hemorrhoids cause grooves in stool

Hemorrhoids can certainly cause blood to be seen on the toilet paper and in the stool, and in an otherwise healthy individual are the most common cause of such symptoms. Typically hemorrhoids bleed as a result of straining or constipation, and their course is relatively benign. Usually hemorrhoids will go away with.

Can hemorrhoids cause grooves in stool. It is used to relieve discomfort and pain in the lower part of the body, for example, due to hemorrhoids (piles), anal fissures, perianal fistulas, rectal surgery, an episiotomy, uterine cramps, inflammatory bowel disease, pilonidal cysts and infections of the bladder, prostate or vagina. Bowel incontinence can be caused by weak pelvic floor ...

Mucus in the stool can also be due to the presence of internal hemorrhoids. The other common symptoms associated with hemorrhoids are constipation, anal itching, and the presence of blood in the stool. 11. Food Allergies. Mucus in the stool may be excreted when the person is allergic to nut, gluten, or lactose.

Constipation and hard stools can cause hemorrhoids and anal fissures. A high-fiber diet will soften your stool, which, in turn, keeps you from straining.Yes, hemorrhoids can cause narrow stools. Hemorrhoids may well come with a number of causes, but a lot of the time, increased pressure in your abdomen can play a major role. If you have a lot of constipation, then this can lead to you straining during a bowel movement. This can bring on hemorrhoids. If you often lift heavy objects or if you are ...There are many different reasons you could have blood in your stool. Hemorrhoids, or swollen veins in the lower rectum, are a common cause. Other conditions that can show cause blood in the stool are: Rectal prolapse. Rectal polyps. Ulcers in the rectum. Injury to the mucosa (lining tissue) in the colorectal system. Anal fissures.My plan: 1) Clean area REALLY well. 2) Dry area. 3) Apply Butt Paste. I also drink plenty of water, eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, keep moving to keep the body working at moving food through me, and TRY to not worry about my bowels! I hope this helps you!🤗. shak1986 cheryl90571. Posted 5 years ago.I have a history of hemorrhoids, fissures, and inflammation. recently, i noticed a fairly deep groove in my stool. cause? Dr. Michael Moffa answered Colon and Rectal Surgery 30 years experienceFlat Stools from Hemorrhoids vs. Colon Cancer: a Comparison. By Lorra Garrick | Last update 10/22. Medically reviewed by Joseph Weiss, MD. Can flat or ribbon shaped …

Can Hemorrhoids Cause Loose Stools Nov 30, 2020. Fecal incontinence – also called anal incontinence – is the term used when bowel movements cannot be controlled. Stool (feces/waste/poop). Mar 15, 2022 · Hemorrhoids can be one of the most annoying health conditions, and having stool leaking out hours after you’ve had a bowel movement is ...There are a number of possible causes of thin stools that do warrant attention, however. Narrow stools can be caused by constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and the use of certain medications. Less commonly, thin poop can point to something serious such as colorectal cancer. Contact your healthcare provider if you notice these …Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the wall of your rectum and anus. Your rectum is the last part of your digestive system where stool (poop) is stored until you pass it. Your anus is the hole in your buttocks where your stool comes out. The swollen veins are caused by too much pressure in the vein. Hemorrhoids may be inside the rectum and anus ...Connection Between Hemorrhoids and Mucus in Stool. The anus area has some natural lubrication from the secretion of two glands: the sebaceous and anal gland ( not too common). These secretions combine with other factors to make stool easier to pass out; however when the hemorrhoidal veins get inflamed, the mucus-secreting lining …Oct 26, 2022 · In addition to hemorrhoids, anal fissures, polyps and colorectal cancer, there are many other diseases that can occur with the presence of blood in the stool. We often don’t think about it, but an intestinal parasite infection could be the cause of the problem. Amoebiasis, Shigellosis are just some of the possible causes of blood in the stool.

Hemorrhoids are a common condition that affects many individuals, causing discomfort and pain. While most cases of hemorrhoids can be managed with conservative treatments, there ar...I have been getting grooves along the length of my stool. I am 28 and female. What could be causing this? It looks like my stool is passing along something slightly smaller than a pencil eraser. It only appears if my stool is soft. I do have a history of internal hemorrhoids, but have never had this before, even when they have been very inflamedHome remedies. You can often relieve the mild pain, swelling and inflammation of hemorrhoids with home treatments. Eat high-fiber foods. Eat more foods that are high in fiber. This helps softens the stool and increases its bulk, which will help you avoid straining. Add fiber to your diet slowly to avoid problems with gas. Use topical treatments.Jun 1, 2020 · Constipation can be a common cause of flat stool that is usually stringy in ... hemorrhoids; rectal ulcers ; Even abdominal hernias can cause enough narrowing of stool movement so that stool may ... Use a cold pack. Wrap a cold pack with a towel and sit on it to reduce inflammation and calm the area. Apply for no longer than 20 minutes at a time. Avoid straining or sitting on the toilet for ...

Atlantis skateway reopening.

Internal hemorrhoids lie inside the rectum. You usually can't see or feel them, and they rarely cause discomfort. But straining or irritation when passing stool can cause: Painless bleeding during bowel movements. You might notice small amounts of bright red blood on your toilet tissue or in the toilet.Home remedies. You can often relieve the mild pain, swelling and inflammation of hemorrhoids with home treatments. Eat high-fiber foods. Eat more foods that are high in fiber. This helps softens the stool and increases its bulk, which will help you avoid straining. Add fiber to your diet slowly to avoid problems with gas. Use topical treatments.Yes, hemorrhoids can be associated with loose stools, though they are not typically a direct cause. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that can cause discomfort or pain during bowel movements. This discomfort might lead individuals to change their diet or use over-the-counter medications to ease the pain, potentially ...Figure 1. Anal fissure. Anal fissures can make having a bowel movement (pooping) very painful. The pain may make it hard for you to have a bowel movement, causing constipation (having fewer bowel movements than usual). They can also cause bleeding from your anus. Anal fissures don’t cause colon cancer or increase your risk of getting colon ...

Bacterial or viral gastroenteritis or any kind of gastrointestinal infection is likely to cause loose, watery stools and diarrhea, sometimes with the presence of blood. In some people, the infection can cause thin, flat, pencil or ribbon-like stools. In addition to the change in bowel movement appearance being temporary, other symptoms such as ...Incarcerated prolapsed hemorrhoids are seen in Fig. 4. Occasionally, an early prolapse may not be complete circumferentially, but can still be distinguished from hemorrhoids, as it lacks the grooves between the columns of prolapsing tissue. Fig. 5 demonstrates an early rectal prolapse that is prolapsed more in the anterior position. A large ...Sep 14, 2022 · Yes, hemorrhoids can cause narrow stools. Hemorrhoids may well come with a number of causes, but a lot of the time, increased pressure in your abdomen can play a major role. If you have a lot of constipation, then this can lead to you straining during a bowel movement. This can bring on hemorrhoids. If you often lift heavy objects or if you are ... 4 years ago • 4 Replies. Hi everyone I would really appreciate your views. I have been having what looks like maroon/brown mucasy blood on/mixed/inside my stool. Some of the blood looks dark red and other parts look like the blood is mixed inside the stool and gives a deep red brown tint. I was wondering can hemorrhoids cause darker …Seek topical relief for hemorrhoids. Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams containing a local anesthetic can temporarily soothe pain. Witch hazel wipes (Tucks) are soothing and have no harmful effects. A small ice pack placed against the anal area for a few minutes can also help reduce pain and swelling.Constipation and hard stools can cause hemorrhoids and anal fissures. A high-fiber diet will soften your stool, which, in turn, keeps you from straining.Fill your tub with warm water and sit in it for about 10 minutes. Doing this two or three times a day can help relieve hemorrhoid irritation and pain. Apply ice. Try applying a cloth covered ice pack to swollen areas for about 10 minutes at a time. This can help relieve inflammation and pain associated with hemorrhoids.Do hemorrhoids cause narrow stools. I've been having symptoms of hemorrhoids such as occassional bright red blood in stool , feeling of a lump in anus and in the past 3 days , I'm having difficult passing stool . I also feel like there's a small lump in anus . I'm constipated for the past 3 days and it's not only difficult to pass stool but the ...Jul 31, 2023 · Thrombosed or strangulated internal hemorrhoids could cause severe pain. Bleeding from hemorrhoids is classically bright red and typically occurs at the end of a bowel movement as the stool causes trauma to the engorged hemorrhoids, which differs from blood mixed with stool or melena. Apr 26, 2024 · Updated: 2024-04-23. Hemorrhoids can cause a range of symptoms, including itching, mucus discharge, burning sensation in the anus, and painless bleeding. The latter can occur when hard stool damages the thin walls of the blood vessels in hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid mucus is a sticky, jelly-like substance produced by the mucus-secreting glands in ...

Thrombosed or strangulated internal hemorrhoids could cause severe pain. Bleeding from hemorrhoids is classically bright red and typically occurs at the end of a bowel movement as the stool causes trauma to the engorged hemorrhoids, which differs from blood mixed with stool or melena.

There are 2 ways in which hemorrhoids can develop. Internal hemorrhoids occur in the lower rectum and develop inside the rectum. Usually, you cannot see nor feel them and they cause little discomfort. However, they may be irritation and pain when pooping. The symptoms can be as follows: Noticing some bright red blood in stoolDrHouse: 24/7 Telemedicine. See a Doctor Within Minutes.Dehydration can cause hard stools, which may worsen constipation and cause or exacerbate hemorrhoids. Try to drink at least two to three liters of water daily. Avoid straining or sitting on the ...Hemorrhoids, or piles, are a common issue. These swollen veins inside of your rectum or outside of your anus can cause pain, anal itching and rectal bleeding. Symptoms often improve with at-home treatments, but on occasion, people need medical procedures. Eating more fiber can help prevent hemorrhoids.They are commonly the result of an H. pylori infection or the overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs). Symptoms include nausea, cramping, indigestion, and gnawing stomach pain. Bleeding can be profuse and cause dark or tarry stools and blood clots.Hemorrhoids are swollen or inflamed veins that originate in the rectum and anus, causing pain and bleeding. They can be caused by low fiber intake, chronic constipation or diarrhea, straining when having a bowel movement, or sitting on the toilet for extended periods of time. Pregnancy can also cause hemorrhoids as it increases pressure on the ...Symptoms attributed to hemorrhoids include bleeding, pain, pruritus, fecal seepage, prolapse and mucus discharge. 3 However, it is not at all clear that hemorrhoids cause these symptoms as most complaints in the anal area are likely to be attributed to hemorrhoids. 30 In a large colonoscopy based study there was no significant …If you have a red-colored stool this can simply come from consuming too many beets, which make it appear as if you have blood leaking. However it can also stem from hemorrhoids. Cause #1: Hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid is a dilated, inflamed vein on the bottom part of your rectum or inside it that is painful and can cause bleeding.Apr 23, 2023 · Connection Between Hemorrhoids and Mucus in Stool. The anus area has some natural lubrication from the secretion of two glands: the sebaceous and anal gland ( not too common). These secretions combine with other factors to make stool easier to pass out; however when the hemorrhoidal veins get inflamed, the mucus-secreting lining around them ...

Amex code ticketmaster.

International dash lights.

When they come together, those are “high-alert” symptoms of bowel disorders. 3. Sometimes size is a concern. If you used to have sizeable stools but now they are always pencil thin and hard to ...The best way to prevent hemorrhoids is to keep your stools soft so they pass easily. To prevent hemorrhoids and reduce symptoms of hemorrhoids, follow these tips: Eat high-fiber foods. Eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Doing so softens the stool and increases its bulk. This will help you avoid the straining that can cause hemorrhoids.Apr 28, 2017 · Theu definitely appear to be hemorrhoids but I haven't had that confirmed by a doctor. Symptoms I experience: Sensation of pressure in the anus. Some itchiness. Can feel a lump when wiping. Feel like it takes more effort to poo. (like I have to push harder, even though stool is soft) Never experienced pain or bleeding. Bright red blood on stool, toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement; Prolapse ... Constipation can cause or worsen hemorrhoids. One way to prevent and treat constipation is to increase fiber intake with fiber supplements or eat a high-fiber diet. It may take a few weeks to notice a difference, but these changes can be …Bacterial or viral gastroenteritis or any kind of gastrointestinal infection is likely to cause loose, watery stools and diarrhea, sometimes with the presence of blood. In some people, the infection can cause thin, flat, pencil or ribbon-like stools. In addition to the change in bowel movement appearance being temporary, other symptoms such as ...Hemeroids can cause a groove, and you can get them while going through treatment, especially radiation. I remember talking to my GI about how fast cancer can grow back, and he told me that it would take years to get to a size that would cause a blockage. Now, there are other issues, like scar tissue, which can cause blockage.Constipation can be a common cause of flat stool that is usually stringy in ... hemorrhoids; rectal ulcers ; Even abdominal hernias can cause enough narrowing of stool movement so that stool may ... Sitz bath for hemorrhoids. A sitz bath is a warm, shallow bath of water. Sitting in warm water can relieve the pain, burning and itching caused by hemorrhoids. The warm water helps relax the muscles in the anal region and improve blood circulation to the area, reducing your symptoms and helping you heal. Excessive straining when you are on the toilet can result in a stool that is long and thin. Bearing down causes the anal muscle to contract and narrows the opening of the anus. Stool that is squeezed through the narrowed opening is thin. Consistently thin stools, however, could signal a medical problem.Jul 6, 2023 · I have been getting grooves along the length of my stool. I am 28 and female. What could be causing this? It looks like my stool is passing along something slightly smaller than a pencil eraser. It only appears if my stool is soft. I do have a history of internal hemorrhoids, but have never had this before, even when they have been very inflamed ….

Apr 28, 2023 · If you have a red-colored stool this can simply come from consuming too many beets, which make it appear as if you have blood leaking. However it can also stem from hemorrhoids. Cause #1: Hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid is a dilated, inflamed vein on the bottom part of your rectum or inside it that is painful and can cause bleeding. Seek topical relief for hemorrhoids. Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams containing a local anesthetic can temporarily soothe pain. Witch hazel wipes (Tucks) are soothing and have no harmful effects. A small ice pack placed against the anal area for a few minutes can also help reduce pain and swelling.Jun 8, 2023 · Some causes, like hemorrhoids, may not need treatment. But others, like colorectal cancer, need urgent care. Ulcers, anal fissures and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are other possible causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the cause of your hematochezia — the medical term for rectal bleeding or blood in your stool. Hemorrhoids can cause discomfort and make passing stools more difficult. Also, the fear of pain may cause some people to avoid having a bowel movement, leading to stool buildup. Sometimes ...Connection Between Hemorrhoids and Mucus in Stool. The anus area has some natural lubrication from the secretion of two glands: the sebaceous and anal gland ( not too common). These secretions combine with other factors to make stool easier to pass out; however when the hemorrhoidal veins get inflamed, the mucus-secreting lining …There are many different reasons you could have blood in your stool. Hemorrhoids, or swollen veins in the lower rectum, are a common cause. Other conditions that can show cause blood in the stool are: Rectal prolapse. Rectal polyps. Ulcers in the rectum. Injury to the mucosa (lining tissue) in the colorectal system. Anal fissures.9. Using your nails or scratching. Anal itching is a persistent problem for those suffering from piles or haemorrhoids. As far as possible, avoid scratching your anal area because it will only result in more pain. The last thing you want is a burning sensation down there throughout the day.Symptoms depend on the rate of bleeding as well as the location of the bleed, which can be anywhere on the GI tract, from where it starts — the mouth — to where it ends — the anus. Overt bleeding might show up as: Vomiting blood, which might be red or might be dark brown and look like coffee grounds. Black, tarry stool.Purpose. False-positive (FP) results of fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) conducted in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening could lead to performing unnecessary colonoscopies. Hemorrhoids are a possible cause of FP FIT results; however, studies on this topic are extremely rare. We investigated whether hemorrhoids are associated with …Get Ayurveda's approach to food cravings & emotional eating for balanced weight and health. A polyp, internal hemorrhoid, or something protruding into the colon can create a consistent groove in the stool. This condition should be checked by a qualified gastroenterologist to rule out colon cancer. Can hemorrhoids cause grooves in stool, The answer to this question is No, spicy food does not directly cause blood in stool. The presence of blood in stool can be indicative of various health conditions that require medical attention. While consuming spicy food can cause temporary discomfort like heartburn or diarrhea, it does not lead to blood in stool. Contents. 1 FAQs:, Dr. Weiss explains, “The presence of known prolapsed hemorrhoids may give the false sense of assurance that the cause is benign. “The presence of hemorrhoids does not reduce the risk of colorectal or anal cancer, and may increase the risk by delaying diagnosis with the incorrect presumption that the hemorrhoids are the source of stool shape ..., However, internal hemorrhoids may be pushed out through the anus while passing stool. This can trigger pain, friction, and bleeding. Read more about why hemorrhoids itch and how to manage bleeding ..., I think i have a internal hemorrhoid, not sure. when i go to the bathroom a bulge comes out but the opening feels to small to pass any stools; help! A doctor has provided 1 answer. does hemorrhoid has anything to do with my stool shape?: It could.: A large hemorrhoid could change the shape of the stool as i. , Stool has a wide range of normal colors, but medium brown is typical. Melena causes stool to be much darker, appearing black or nearly black. Melenic stool is also different in texture from normal stools. It is often described as tarry, meaning it is sticky and dense. The third part of melena is the smell., Causes of blood in the stool can include: Hemorrhoids. Anal fissures. Colon polyps or colon cancer. Diverticular bleeding. Inflammatory bowel disease. The most common cause of red bloody stools is hemorrhoids. You’ll often spot it on toilet tissue when using the bathroom. Hemorrhoids are not usually serious, and can often be treated effectively., Constipation can be a common cause of flat stool that is usually stringy in ... hemorrhoids; rectal ulcers ; Even abdominal hernias can cause enough narrowing of stool movement so that stool may ..., Can internal haemorrhoids cause grooves/ridges in poop? (Pics) Posted 5 years ago, 22 users are following. RoRoC. I noticed the groove in July 2018. Went to my GP, he did a DRE and determined it was internal hemorrhoid. No bleeding, no pain, no mucus. Only symptom is the groove going down the whole stool., Hemorrhoids refer to swollen veins inside the rectum and anus. They can become irritated and bleed, hurt, or itch. Cancer develops because cells grow out of control. Anal cancer may cause a growth ..., Theu definitely appear to be hemorrhoids but I haven't had that confirmed by a doctor. Symptoms I experience: Sensation of pressure in the anus. Some itchiness. Can feel a lump when wiping. Feel like it takes more effort to poo. (like I have to push harder, even though stool is soft) Never experienced pain or bleeding., Jun 1, 2020 · Constipation can be a common cause of flat stool that is usually stringy in ... hemorrhoids; rectal ulcers ; Even abdominal hernias can cause enough narrowing of stool movement so that stool may ... , Ok so I have alternating skinny stools & loose stools. Basically no normal sausage stools on any given day. I have grade 2 hemorrhoids and colonoscopy came out normal., Second opinion] 39 Female What causes consistent grooves in. 1.20.2023. Jon Young M.D. Board certified doctor of medicine. 2,244 Satisfied Customers. ... Can hemorrhoids cause an indent in my stool? JA: The Doctor. 4.25.2024. Dr Stan. Doctor. 14,939 Satisfied Customers [Second opinion] Would an abdominal CT scan with no contrast. 4.25.2024., Mucus in the stool can also be due to the presence of internal hemorrhoids. The other common symptoms associated with hemorrhoids are constipation, anal itching, and the presence of blood in the stool. 11. Food Allergies. Mucus in the stool may be excreted when the person is allergic to nut, gluten, or lactose., Stool has a wide range of normal colors, but medium brown is typical. Melena causes stool to be much darker, appearing black or nearly black. Melenic stool is also different in texture from normal stools. It is often described as tarry, meaning it is sticky and dense. The third part of melena is the smell., The amount of fiber in your diet can also play a part, as the volume and consistency of your stool can affect the amount of stress on the rectum and anal sphincter. Chronic diarrhea or constipation are also potential risk factors in the formation of hemorrhoids. Non-digestive causes of hemorrhoids include pregnancy, obesity, and anal intercourse., Theu definitely appear to be hemorrhoids but I haven't had that confirmed by a doctor. Symptoms I experience: Sensation of pressure in the anus. Some itchiness. Can feel a lump when wiping. Feel like it takes more effort to poo. (like I have to push harder, even though stool is soft) Never experienced pain or bleeding., Thrombosed or strangulated internal hemorrhoids could cause severe pain. Bleeding from hemorrhoids is classically bright red and typically occurs at the end of a bowel movement as the stool causes trauma to the engorged hemorrhoids, which differs from blood mixed with stool or melena., Causes of blood in the stool can include: Hemorrhoids. Anal fissures. Colon polyps or colon cancer. Diverticular bleeding. Inflammatory bowel disease. The most common cause of red bloody stools is hemorrhoids. You’ll often spot it on toilet tissue when using the bathroom. Hemorrhoids are not usually serious, and can often be treated effectively., They may appear as lumps or swelling around your anus. Thrombosed hemorrhoids are essentially a complication of a hemorrhoid, in which a blood clot forms. Blood clots can happen in both internal ..., Narrowing of the stool may be due to a mass in the colon or rectum that limits the size of the stool that can pass through it. Conditions that cause diarrhea can also cause pencil thin stools. Persistent pencil thin stool, which may be solid or loose, is one of the symptoms of colorectal polyps or cancer., Hemeroids can cause a groove, and you can get them while going through treatment, especially radiation. I remember talking to my GI about how fast cancer can grow back, and he told me that it would take years to get to a size that would cause a blockage. Now, there are other issues, like scar tissue, which can cause blockage. , Yes, multivitamins can also cause health problems other than hemorrhoids when taken in excess. For example, excess vitamin A can lead to hair loss, skin dryness, and even liver damage. And too much iron can lead to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Similarly, excess vitamin D can lead to high blood calcium levels, which can …, Oct 30, 2020 · I am back to normal with soft stools today. I know that I have some internal hemorrhoids. As my stool was soft, there were grooves on the last two bits of the stool. As I had firmer stools previously, I was not able to see these grooves. But today, I had a smaller groove. Does hemorrhoid carve a groove in my stool? , Internal Hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are often not painful. Symptoms include blood when pooping, blood on your stool, or blood in the toilet or on the toilet paper when you wipe. Another symptom is a prolapsed hemorrhoid that dangles from the intestines and falls out of the anal opening., Both conditions are chronic and can cause similar symptoms, such as abdominal pain and bloody stool. Bleeding is more common in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn’s. Colorectal cancer, 39 Female What causes consistent grooves in stool? i have pretty aggressive hemorrhoids. i did a pelvic CT scan with IV - Answered by a verified Doctor ... Well, Hemorrhoidectomy is the most effective and complete way to treat severe or recurring hemorrhoids and a proctoscopy can help to determine the extent of hemorrhoids, Oral …, Hemorrhoids can cause discomfort and make passing stools more difficult. Also, the fear of pain may cause some people to avoid having a bowel movement, leading to stool buildup. Sometimes ..., Hemorrhoids are swollen or inflamed veins that originate in the rectum and anus, causing pain and bleeding. They can be caused by low fiber intake, chronic constipation or diarrhea, straining when having a bowel movement, or sitting on the toilet for extended periods of time. Pregnancy can also cause hemorrhoids as it increases pressure on the ..., Emotions are running high in Colombia. The International Court of Justice awarded Nicaragua jurisdiction over disputed (and potentially oil-rich) waters on Nov. 19, prompting an ou..., I even sprayed some blood on the side of the toilet bowl. Its like jelly... it kind of waves when i shake the brush. Please help me. Please tell me Hemorrhoids can cause something like this... I can't afford a colonoscopy i am financially unstable. There is no pain, sometimes itching, no abdominal pain either., Hemorrhoids can cause discomfort and make passing stools more difficult. Also, the fear of pain may cause some people to avoid having a bowel …, Connection Between Hemorrhoids and Mucus in Stool. The anus area has some natural lubrication from the secretion of two glands: the sebaceous and anal gland ( not too common). These secretions combine with other factors to make stool easier to pass out; however when the hemorrhoidal veins get inflamed, the mucus-secreting lining around them ...