Federal prison marion il

Elashi was moved to a more secure prison in Illinois. Elashi, Federal Bureau of Prisons #29687-177, is currently incarcerated at United States Penitentiary, Marion.The U.S. non-governmental organization Charity & Security Network has charged that the convictions of Elashi and the other Holy Land Foundation defendants send a "chilling message ...

One of the most unusual escapes in the history of American prisons took place near Marion on July 21, 1971. At about 1:45 that afternoon, Warren George Briggs, bank robber turned scientist, leapt over two barbed wire-topped 15 foot high fences and ran unscathed through a hail of bullets into the woods surrounding the U.S. Penitentiary.According to reports, 16 men died inside the prison in 2021, 19 in 2022, and 7 this year as of this writing. 2. UNITED STATES PENITENTIARY-MARION, ILLINOIS. USP-Marion is a former supermax prison located in Marion, Illinois.updated 08/08/2022 u.s.p. marion commissary list for general population "spending limit "($360.00) per month" name: number: unit/ range / cell: write in: 11-• 1 11 1iw •,-----,,,;: ej• $ 2.60 colgate clear gel (oho) score 7c tablet $ 1.90 ul trabrite (oho) $ 58.60 sagean dt-110 clear digital (lmt 1) $ 4.35 dentu-cream s 36.40 koss r-10 headphones (lmt 1) $ 4.95 …Find an inmate. Locate the whereabouts of a federal inmate incarcerated from 1982 to the present. Due to the First Step Act, sentences are being reviewed and recalculated to address pending Federal Time Credit changes. As a result, an inmate's release date may not be up-to-date. Website visitors should continue to check back periodically to see ...After an inmate is sent to USP Marion, they are sent through orientation, where they will learn the ins and outs of the facility. Allenwood is located right at 4500 PRISON ROAD MARION, IL, 62959. Everyday Life in the Facility . Life in the USP Marion may look a little different than other prisons. Inmates cannot possess whatever they want here.

Abstract. In addition to violent inmates, Marion houses sophisticated escape-minded inmates, gang leaders who organize illicit activities in prison, first-time court commitments for particularly heinous offenses, and the difficult inmates transferred from State or District of Columbia prisons. For the first 12 months after admission, each ...TikTok video from Gucci Da Fed Bby. (. 487.8K. #christmas #prison #vibe #look #fyp #federal ...MARION USP & CAMP: Year Constructed: 1963: Address: 4500 PRISON ROAD: City: MARION: County: WILLIAMSON COUNTY: State: Illinois: Zip-code: 62959: Security …Illinois Sen. Dick Durbin confirmed the first unit of prisoners will begin arriving the week of April 10. The Federal Bureau of Prisons says low-security inmates will be housed in the facility ...On March 11, 2021, a retired Factory Manager for the BOP's Federal Prison Industries, also known as UNICOR, previously assigned to the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois, was sentenced to eight months of imprisonment and eighteen months of supervised release including 8 months of home detention with location monitoring, as well as ordered to pay $23,475 in restitution for two ...Inside America’s Toughest Federal Prison. 385. At left, the United States Penitentiary Administrative Maximum Facility, otherwise known as the ADX, in Florence, Colo. Jamey Stillings for The New ...

ings on the Federal prison system, focusing particularly on condi­ tions at the United States Penitentiary at Marion, Illinois (USP Marion). From October 27,1983, and continuing to the present, UPS Marion-which is the highest security level (level 6) of any Federal prison-has been operated with most inmates locked in their cells52:1195(115)CA - - Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Penitentiary, Marion, IL and AFGE Local 2343 - - 1997 FLRAdec CA - - v52 p1195; 52:1195(115)CA - - Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Penitentiary, Marion, IL and AFGE Local 2343 - - 1997 FLRAdec CA - - v52 p1195 ... , involves the inherent hazards associated with the …ings on the Federal prison system, focusing particularly on condi­ tions at the United States Penitentiary at Marion, Illinois (USP Marion). From October 27,1983, and continuing to the present, UPS Marion-which is the highest security level (level 6) of any Federal prison-has been operated with most inmates locked in their cellsDavid J. Pederson, 55, formerly an inmate at the Federal Prison Camp at Marion, Illinois, was sentenced today in United States District Court in Benton to a term of 60 months in prison for escaping from custody while on an unescorted transfer via bus between that facility and one in Council Bluffs, Iowa, announced Stephen R. Wigginton, United States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois.618-548-2141. Fax. 618-548-0043. Email. [email protected]. View Official Website. Marion County IL Jail is for County Jail offenders sentenced up to twenty four months. All prisons and jails have Security or Custody levels depending on the inmate's classification, sentence, and criminal history. Please review the rules and regulations for ...

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The location of this prison is 4500 Prison Road, Marion, Illinois, 62959. It houses the inmates above 18 years of age. ... Prison Type: Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Prison Category: Prison Address: 4500 Prison Road, Marion, Illinois , 62959 : City: Marion Postal Code: 62959 County:Aug 7, 2023 · He was sentenced to 40 years in prison. In 2007, Marion federal prison was converted from the federal government’s highest-security prison — a maximum-security lockdown prison that replaced Alcatraz in 1963 — to a medium-security prison. In 2005, the Bureau of Prisons doubled the capacity of the Marion, Illinois, federal prison to 900 ... Aug 19, 2013 - This Pin was discovered by Debra Mikalauskas. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on PinterestMarion, IL 62959. $55,562 - $79,954 a year ... Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System jobs in Marion, IL - Marion jobs - Treatment Manager jobs in Marion, IL; Salary Search: Correctional Treatment Specialist (Case Manager) salaries; See popular questions & answers about US Justice, Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System;Thomas Edward Silverstein (born Thomas Edward Conway; February 4, 1952 – May 11, 2019) was an American criminal who spent the last 42 years of his life in prison after being convicted of four separate murders while imprisoned for armed robbery, one of which was overturned. Silverstein spent the last 36 years of his life in solitary confinement for killing …Illinois Department of Corrections Official Website Website Currently Incarcerated Inmates Link Visitor Application Link. Location 1301 Concordia Court, P.O. Box 19277, Springfield, IL 62794-9277 Phone Number (217) 558-2200/ 2008

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) operates two Communication Management Units (CMUs), commonly referred to as ‘Guantanamo North,’ in Marion, IL and Terre Haute, IN. According to the Center ...Marion, IL 62959. $39.78 - $46.41 an hour ... Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System jobs in Marion, IL - Marion jobs - Foreman/Supervisor jobs in Marion, IL; Salary Search: Automotive Worker Supervisor (Automotive Worker Foreman) salaries in Marion, IL; See popular questions & answers about US Justice, Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System;Iglesias, 47, filed her lawsuit in 2019 while she was housed in the federal prison in downstate Marion. Iglesias wants the surgery soon, according to her lawsuit, because she is set to be released ...Feb 15, 1991 ... By Ray L. Levasseur Prisoners at the U.S. Penitentiary, Marion, Illinois, have said for years that the government is poisoning us with ...Population Statistics. Staff Statistics. 158,310 Total Federal Inmates. Last Updated April 25, 2024 . Data refreshed every Thursday at 12:00 A.M. Generate Reports | View Past Totals. 91%. 144,280 federal inmates in BOP Custody. 0%.David J. Pederson, 55, formerly an inmate at the Federal Prison Camp at Marion, Illinois, was sentenced today in United States District Court in Benton to a term of 60 months in prison for escaping from custody while on an unescorted transfer via bus between that facility and one in Council Bluffs, Iowa, announced Stephen R. Wigginton, …Please Donate - https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=ZV7RS7U9EU7QLIn 1983 Marion was the toughest penitentiary in the federal prison system. The maximum-security complex housed some of the country’s most violent inmates, and the worst of those were put in ...Best Campgrounds in Marion, IL 62959 - Crab Orchard Campground, Marion Campground & Rv Park, Arrowhead Lake Camp Ground, Four Seasons Campground, Little Grassy Lake Campground and Marina The most restrictive facility in the federal prison system is USP Florence ADMAX, the federal supermax prison, which holds inmates who are considered the most dangerous and in need of the tightest controls. USP Leavenworth, USP Lewisburg, USP Lompoc, and USP Marion were originally operated as high-security facilities but have since been ... The Federal penitentiary at Marion, Illinois, operated by the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), has been the subject of a class action suit filed on behalf of the inmates which argues that conditions there violate the eighth amendment injunction against cruel and unusual punishment.FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS, U.S. PENITENTIARY, MARION, ILLINOIS. Respondent. and Case No. CH-CA-30849. AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVERNMENT. EMPLOYEES, LOCAL 2343, AFL-CIO. Charging Party. Pursuant to section 2423.26(b) of the Rules and Regulations, 5 C.F.R. § 2423.26(b), I am hereby …

2017-10-22. Language. English. The United States Federal Penitentiary at Marion, Illinois, was specifically designed to house the worst of the worst, mostly being …

Please send the mail or package to the address mentioned below. Inmate Name, Inmate ID, 4500 Prison Road, Marion, IL, 62959. Please make sure the mail or package that you are sending comes under the list of approved items. For further clarification on the allowed items, contact the prison administration directly on 618-964-1441 .MCC Chicago. An administrative security metropolitan correctional center. 71 WEST VAN BUREN STREET. CHICAGO, IL 60605. Email: [email protected]. Work. Phone: 312-322-0567.Who is in this Prison. Since Marion Usp & Camp is a state correctional agency, the majority of inmates residing here are typically serving a sentence of 5 to 10 years, usually for drug or violence offenses.. Inmate search links are hosted on external sites. If an inmate search link does not provide the inmate you are looking for, it could be that the inmate …FBOP employees contribute to the safety of our facilities, our communities, and our country. Within these walls, what we do makes a difference. We've built a tailored experience for interested applicants to embark on a fulfilling career where their skills are valued and rewarded. Come join our growing team.Monroe Cleaners in Marion, IL, is a well-known and trusted name in the dry cleaning industry. With their commitment to quality service and attention to detail, they have become the...Federal Prison: Address: 2600 S. SECOND ST. PEKIN, IL, 61554: Phone: 309-346-8588: Email: PEK/ [email protected] Capacity: 1164: Date Established: 1994: Offender Gender: ... The facility is a medium-security federal prison in Illinois. It houses male inmates. FCI Pekin is operated and managed by the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Job posted 14 hours ago - Federal Bureau of Prisons is hiring now for a Full-Time Correctional Officer in Point Marion, PA. Apply today at CareerBuilder! ... Correctional Officer in Point Marion, Pa. Create Job Alert. Get similar jobs sent to your email. Save. View More Jobs. Correctional Officer. CoLab Page:USP MARION. ADMISSION & ORIENTATION. HANDBOOK . UPDATED: March 21, 2023 . Page 2 of 70. Introduction . The purpose of this handbook is to provide arriving inmates with information regarding the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), its programs, and the rules and regulations. It is not a specific guide to the detailed policies of theFCI Coleman Low. A low security federal correctional institution with an adjacent minimum security satellite camp. 846 NE 54TH TERRACE. SUMTERVILLE, FL 33521. Email: [email protected]. Work. Phone: 352-689-4000.Marion. Phone. 352-401-6400. Fax. 352-840-5657. Email. [email protected]. View Official Website. Marion CI is for State Prison offenders sentenced anywhere from one year to life by the State Court in the county where the charges were filed.

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USP Marion is a medium-security United States federal prison with a minimum-security prison camp, located in unincorporated Williamson County, Illinois, within the Southern Precinct. Operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice, it opened in 1963, replacing Alcatraz Island in San Francisco.Feb 15, 1991 ... By Ray L. Levasseur Prisoners at the U.S. Penitentiary, Marion, Illinois, have said for years that the government is poisoning us with ...Below is the proper format for how you need to address mail to a federal inmate at Marion Federal Prison: INMATE NAME & REGISTER NUMBER. USP Marion. U.S. Penitentiary. P.O. Box 1000. Marion IL, 62959. To read the full Bureau of Prisons Policy on Correspondence, click here: Bureau of Prisons – Correspondence Policy.More facts and details. UNICOR is the trade name for Federal Prison Industries (FPI), a wholly owned Government corporation that was established by Congress on June 23, 1934. Its mission is to protect society and reduce crime by preparing inmates for successful reentry through job training. UNICOR is entirely self-sustaining, receiving no ...USP Marion is a federal prison. The easiest way to lookup an inmate in federal prisons is going to the BOP website. ... Satellite Prison Camp P.O. Box 1000 Marion, IL 62959. Inmates cannot receive unused writing paper, envelopes, or stamps through the mail. If you send these items, they will be discarded. Inmates will be able to purchase this ...ings on the Federal prison system, focusing particularly on condi­ tions at the United States Penitentiary at Marion, Illinois (USP Marion). From October 27,1983, and continuing to the present, UPS Marion-which is the highest security level (level 6) of any Federal prison-has been operated with most inmates locked in their cellsThe location of this prison is 4500 Prison Road, Marion, Illinois, 62959. It houses the inmates above 18 years of age. ... Prison Type: Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Prison Category: Prison Address: 4500 Prison Road, Marion, Illinois , 62959 : City: Marion Postal Code: 62959 County:David John Pederson, 55, an inmate at the Federal Prison Camp at Marion, Illinois, appeared today for arraignment in United States District Court in Benton on charges that he escaped from the custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, announced Stephen R. Wigginton, United States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois. Pederson was ...The same year Alcatraz closed off the coast of San Francisco, the U.S. Penitentiary opened in 1963 just south of Marion with the federal government’s promise for an abuse-free facilityMARION, Ill. (KFVS) - A Williamson County man who identified himself as a federal prison guard now faces three federal charges after being accused of trying to solicit a minor online.Sept. 8, 1985. The Marion pen: The toughest prison, the worst prisoners. By SAMUEL O. HANCOCK. MARION, Ill. -- It is called 'The New Alcatraz,' 'The House of Pain,' and 'the …ings on the Federal prison system, focusing particularly on condi­ tions at the United States Penitentiary at Marion, Illinois (USP Marion). From October 27,1983, and continuing to the present, UPS Marion-which is the highest security level (level 6) of any Federal prison-has been operated with most inmates locked in their cells ….

Shop Federal Prison Marion, Illinois IL Original Vintage Postcard and more music, movie, and TV memorabilia at Amazon's Entertainment Collectibles Store.Marion. A federal inmate faces more time behind bars after he was caught trying to smuggle prescription drugs into prison. Steven W. Snook, 42, pleaded guilty to conspiring with a licensed ...FCI Pekin. A medium security federal correctional institution with an adjacent minimum security satellite camp. 2600 S. SECOND ST. PEKIN, IL 61554. Email: [email protected]. Work. Phone: 309-346-8588.View all US Justice, Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System jobs in Marion, IL - Marion jobs; Salary Search: Budget Analyst salaries; See popular questions & answers about US Justice, Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System; PSE SALES & SVCS/DISTRIBUTION ASSOCIATE. United States Postal Service.Elashi was moved to a more secure prison in Illinois. Elashi, Federal Bureau of Prisons #29687-177, is currently incarcerated at United States Penitentiary, Marion.The U.S. non-governmental organization Charity & Security Network has charged that the convictions of Elashi and the other Holy Land Foundation defendants send a "chilling message ...This report, posted on August 25, 2021, as required per 28 CFR §115.403, details the findings of an audit that was conducted by an outside contractor to determine the Federal Bureau of Prisons' (BOP) compliance with the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA).13 Prison jobs available in Marion, IL on Indeed.com. Apply to Tractor Trailer Driver, Supervisor, Foreman/supervisor and more!In February 2022, Sayoc was transferred from Marion to FCI Butner, a medium security Federal Correctional Institution in North Carolina. His earliest possible release date is Nov. 10, 2035 ... Federal prison marion il, 15 Federal Prison jobs available in Union County, IL on Indeed.com. Apply to Foreman/supervisor, Treatment Manager, Material Handler and more!, 4500 Prison Rd Marion, IL 62959 Open until 12:00 AM. Hours. Sun 12:00 AM ... Federal government. Army Marion Recruiting Office. History., One of the most unusual escapes in the history of American prisons took place near Marion on July 21, 1971. At about 1:45 that afternoon, Warren George Briggs, bank robber turned scientist, leapt over two barbed wire-topped 15 foot high fences and ran unscathed through a hail of bullets into the woods surrounding the U.S. Penitentiary., / ILLINOIS / MARION / FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES, INC; FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES, INC. Website. Get a D&B Hoovers Free Trial. Overview Doing Business As: UNICOR. Company ... Address: 4500 Prison Rd Marion, IL, 62959-9011 United States See other locations ..., Marion, Ill. – Ray Allen Flener, 32, of Marion, Illinois, has been sentenced to serve 18 months in federal prison for escaping from custody. Flener pleaded guilty to the charge back in September. This is Flener’s second escape conviction. In 2013, Flener was charged with making a false statement to the FBI and conveying a false threat., 15 Federal Prison jobs available in Union County, IL on Indeed.com. Apply to Foreman/supervisor, Treatment Manager, Material Handler and more!, In 2006 and 2008, the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) created Communications Management Units (CMUs), prison units designed to isolate and segregate certain prisoners in the federal prison system from the rest of the BOP population. Currently, there are two CMUs, one located in Terre Haute, Indiana and the other in Marion, Illinois., General Visiting Information. Make sure your visit will be a success by carefully following these four steps. Locate the inmate. Discover or confirm the whereabouts of the inmate you would like to visit. Be Approved. Before you can visit you must be placed on the inmate's approved visiting list. Be Prepared. , Home. Illinois. USP Marion Inmate Search and Prison Information. Updated on: March 16, 2024. 618-964-1441. 4500 PRISON ROAD MARION, IL, 62959. …, 15 Federal Prison jobs available in Union County, IL on Indeed.com. Apply to Foreman/supervisor, Treatment Manager, Material Handler and more!, Marion Campground & RV Park Review & Ratings Overview. 8.0. Based on 152 Reviews. Excellent 57. Good 76. Average 16. Poor 2. Terrible 1. Motorhome 79. , USP MARION. ADMISSION & ORIENTATION. HANDBOOK . UPDATED: March 21, 2023 . Page 2 of 70. Introduction . The purpose of this handbook is to provide arriving inmates with information regarding the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), its programs, and the rules and regulations. It is not a specific guide to the detailed policies of the, Our friend from the federal prison at Marion, former guard David, continues in this episode telling about his experiences with New York City crime boss, John Gotti. We learn that when Gotti arrived at the Reception and Diagnostic Unit, he was greeted like royalty by other prisoners. David tells about the day-to-day life of the famous mob boss ..., This report, posted on August 23, 2022, as required per 28 CFR §115.403, details the findings of an audit that was conducted by an outside contractor to determine the Federal Bureau of Prisons' (BOP) compliance with …, federal prison in Marion, Illinois. Journal of Prisoners on Prisons, 4 (2), 17-28. Hamm, M. S. (1991). The abandoned ones: A history of the Oakdale and Atlanta prison riots., May 31, 2022 · In February 2021, 41-year-old Shay Paniry of California was stabbed to death. Bobby Everson was killed in December 2021. And then in March 2022, James Everett, a 35-year-old man from Kansas City ... , MARION USP & CAMP: Year Constructed: 1963: Address: 4500 PRISON ROAD: City: MARION: County: WILLIAMSON COUNTY: State: Illinois: Zip-code: 62959: Security …, FCI Marion. A medium security federal correctional institution with an adjacent minimum security satellite camp. Although this facility has recently undergone a name change to reflect its updated mission and security level, the physical change to the facade of the structure may reflect the old name until a formal historical survey by the state ..., The U.S. Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois (USP Marion) was the first federal supermax prison. The "mean little house" is one of the most significant U.S. prisons built in the past century. It has served as a model for high-security detention confinement and been copied worldwide., Inmate At Marion Federal Prison Convicted Of Murder Press Release. Inmate At Marion Federal Prison Convicted Of Murder. Thursday, April 25, 2013 ... District of Illinois Cleveland J. White Feather, 54, an inmate at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, IL, was convicted, in federal court, of murder, following a three day jury trial, Stephen ..., T he handwritten letter arrived days before Christmas 2022. "THIS IS AN EMERGENCY ISSUE!!!" it began. "PLEASE HELP." Signed by 14 people incarcerated in one of the highest security federal prisons in the country, the letter was an urgent warning for prison officials: Several corrections officers were trying to bribe prisoners to attack the warden and one of his captains., InmateAid has a complete listing of every halfway house in the United States for federal inmates re-entry. ... CORRECTIONAL ALTERNATIVES INC. 551 S. 35TH STREET SAN DIEGO, CA 92113 PHONE: (619) 232-8600 ... MARION, IL 62959 PHONE: (618)997-5336 RESIDENTS IN TRANSITION 711 NORTH EAST MONROE PEORIA, IL 61603, Offenders receive treatment five days per week. This treatment targets offenders with an elevated risk of reoffending. Non-Residential treatment consists of outpatient groups meeting 2-3 times per week for several hours. Program completion takes 9-12 months. The Bureau offers this moderate intensity program at several institutions, listed below., State (s) Illinois. Thomas Edward Silverstein (born Thomas Edward Conway; February 4, 1952 – May 11, 2019) was an American criminal who spent the last 42 years of his life in prison after being convicted of four separate murders while imprisoned for armed robbery, one of which was overturned. [2] Silverstein spent the last 36 years of his ..., Phone: 618-964-1441. Physical Address: USP Marion 4500 Prison Road Marion, IL 62959. Mailing Address (personal mail):Inmate's Full Name & Inmate Register Number USP Marion Inmate Name and Registration Number USP Marion, U.S Penitentary P.O. Box 1000 Marion, IL 62959. Other Jails and Prisons., HUMAN SERVICE CENTER 1005 NORTHEAST JEFFERSON PEORIA, IL 60603 Phone: 309-671-8089 Service: RRC Beds: 32 Total (26 Male / 6 Female) BOP Region: North Central Region . KALAMAZOO ... If you would like to send a copy of this article to a friend or loved on in federal prison, you can download it here: ..., A Brief History. On October 22, 1983, the Federal Penitentiary at Marion, Illinois was the scene of a tragedy when inmates overpowered and killed two corrections officers in two separate incidents. This terrible incident resulted in the concept of the "Supermax" prison, short for "super-maximum security" in the United States Federal prison system (Bureau of Prisons)., A few months later, the Justice Department quietly opened the first CMU in Terre Haute, Indiana. Two years later, they opened another in Marion, Illinois. In October 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Prisons reported that federal prisons house 362 people convicted in terrorism-related cases. However, the government will not disclose who is housed in the ..., The United States Penitentiary located near the small, rural town of Marion, Illinois first opened in 1963. The intended purpose was to replace the aging, ru..., FBOP employees contribute to the safety of our facilities, our communities, and our country. Within these walls, what we do makes a difference. We've built a tailored experience for interested applicants to embark on a fulfilling career where their skills are valued and rewarded. Come join our growing team., View all US Justice, Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System jobs in Marion, IL - Marion jobs - Treatment Manager jobs in Marion, IL; Salary Search: Correctional Treatment Specialist (Case Manager) salaries; See popular questions & answers about US Justice, Bureau of Prisons/Federal Prison System, Prison Talk / Illinois Forum {{ USP Marion / Federal Bureau of Prisons}} U.S. PENITENTIARY 4500 PRISON ROAD MARION, IL 62959 Phone: (618) 964-1441. INMATE NAME & REGISTER NUMBER USP MARION U.S. PENITENTIARY P.O. BOX 1000 MARION, IL 62959. The United States Penitentiary (USP) in Marion, Illinois, is a high security facility housing male inmates., United States Penitentiary Marion is a medium-security federal prison that serves male inmates. It is located in unincorporated Williamson County near the town of Marion. Situated in southern Illinois, the facility is 300 miles south of Chicago and 120 miles southeast of St. Louis, Missouri, and opened in 1963.