Fluid and electrolyte imbalance care plan

Oct 9, 2019 ... Some Care Plans are suggested by the system depending on the information recorded about the patient. This video will demonstrate how to ...

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance care plan. DIF: Understanding TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation KEY: Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, Potassium imbalances MSC: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies. A nurse develops a plan of care for an older client who has a fluid overload.

Symptoms of an imbalance include headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Electrolytes are minerals that the body needs to: balance water levels. move nutrients into cells. remove waste products. allow ...

Your wedding is one of the most important days in your life, but it can also be expensive. However, with some careful planning and smart budgeting, you can have your dream wedding ...About Open RN. Table 15.6d. Interventions for Imbalances. Nursing Diagnosis. Interventions. Excessive Fluid Volume. Administer prescribed diuretics to eliminate excess fluid as appropriate and monitor for effect. Monitor for side effects of diuretics such as orthostatic hypotension and electrolyte imbalances. Position the patient with the head ...Abstract. Maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes is crucial to the care of patients across the continuum. To do this, a practitioner must be cognizant of key monitoring and assessment parameters. Key electrolytes, their function within the body, normal values, signs and symptoms of imbalances, key treatment modalities, and other ... The nursing diagnosis of GI Bleed should be considered when a patient presents with signs and symptoms indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding. It is essential to assess the individual thoroughly and gather relevant subjective and objective data to support the diagnosis. Prompt medical intervention is crucial in managing this condition. Fluid and Electrolyte Management: Administer intravenous fluids to address dehydration and correct electrolyte imbalances. Monitor fluid intake and output closely. Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a registered dietitian to develop a nutritional plan, which may include small, frequent meals, and nutritional supplements.

This nursing care plan guide delves into the nursing diagnosis for hyperkalemia & hypokalemia. Know how to assess, manage and provide interventions for these potassium imbalances.Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They are in your blood, urine and body fluids. Maintaining the right balance of electrolytes helps your body's blood chemistry, muscle action and other processes. Sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, phosphate and magnesium are all electrolytes.About Open RN. Table 15.6d. Interventions for Imbalances. Nursing Diagnosis. Interventions. Excessive Fluid Volume. Administer prescribed diuretics to eliminate excess fluid as appropriate and monitor for effect. Monitor for side effects of diuretics such as orthostatic hypotension and electrolyte imbalances. Position the patient with the head ...Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances. Fluid and electrolytes in the body Fluid volume changes due to pressure Hormonal regulation of fluid balance Electrolyte imbalance. Objectives. 2/3 (65%) of TBW is intracellular (ICF) 1/3 extracellular water 75 % interstitial fluid (ISF) 25% in blood. 1.27k views • 26 slidesSymptoms: Signs of Fluid Volume Deficit include feeling thirsty, dry mouth, less urine than usual, feeling tired, and sometimes dizziness. Nursing Care: Nurses play a key role in helping patients with Fluid Volume Deficit. They monitor fluid intake and output, encourage patients to drink water, and sometimes give fluids through an IV if needed.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes that results in a very high glucose level. It typically occurs in those with type 1 diabetes but can also develop in patients with type 2 diabetes. When the body doesn’t have enough insulin to allow glucose into the cells for energy, fats will be broken …Fluid and electrolyte imbalance. 1. 2. Fluid and electrolyte balance is a dynamic process that is crucial for life It plays an important role in homeostis Imbalance may result from many factors, and it is associated with the illness. 3. TOTAL BODY FLUID 60% OF BODY wt Intracellular fluids Extracellular fluids Interstitial Trancellular ...81. The nurse is caring for several patients with electrolyte imbalances. Which intervention is included in the plan of care for a patient with hypocalcemia? a. Implementing an oral fluid restriction of 1500 mL/day b. Implementing a renal diet c. Providing moderate environmental stimulation with music d. Placing the patient on seizure precautionsDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes that results in a very high glucose level. It typically occurs in those with type 1 diabetes but can also develop in patients with type 2 diabetes. When the body doesn’t have enough insulin to allow glucose into the cells for energy, fats will be broken …

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It can lead to electrolyte imbalances, impaired organ function, and compromised overall health. Assess for the signs and symptoms of deficient fluid volume: Skin integrity Decreased fluid volume results in dry skin and poor skin turgor. Tachycardia A compensatory increase in heart rate occurs with fluid volume deficit. 1.3. HypotensionNursing Diagnosis: Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit related to excessive fluid loss through diarrhea, as evidenced by dehydration, decreased urine output, dry mucous membranes, and altered mental status. Goals: Maintain adequate fluid and electrolyte balance. Promote normal bowel function and reduce frequency of diarrhea.The first step in diagnosing DI is to measure a 24-hour fluid intake and output without restricting food or fluid intake. All of the other options may be done but would not be as definitive as a 24-hour fluid intake and output test. The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with Cushing's syndrome.Hypovolemic shock is a potentially life-threatening condition. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential.[1] Hypovolemic shock is circulatory failure due to effective intravascular volume loss (fluids or blood). This effective circulatory volume loss leads to tissue hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia. If left untreated, hypovolemic shock can lead to ischemic injury of vital ...The following are the nursing priorities for patients with acute renal failure (ARF): Assessment and monitoring of renal function. Fluid and electrolyte balance management. Identification and treatment of the underlying cause. Prevention and management of complications (e.g., electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis) …

Signs of a fluid or electrolyte disorder vary widely. Mild electrolyte disorders often cause no symptoms. Symptoms of a more severe imbalance depend on the type of disorder. Dehydration may make your child's urine appear darker than usual. Other electrolyte disorders cause confusion, weakness, cramping, and muscle spasms.Symptoms: Signs of Fluid Volume Deficit include feeling thirsty, dry mouth, less urine than usual, feeling tired, and sometimes dizziness. Nursing Care: Nurses play a key role in helping patients with Fluid Volume Deficit. They monitor fluid intake and output, encourage patients to drink water, and sometimes give fluids through an IV if needed.Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal condition, caused by rapid initiation of refeeding after a period of undernutrition. It is characterised by hypophosphataemia, associated with fluid and electrolyte shifts and metabolic and clinical complications. Awareness of refeeding syndrome and identification of patients at risk is crucial as the ...Welcome to our Fluid and Electrolyte NCLEX Quiz. This specialized quiz is designed to assist nursing students and professionals in mastering the complexities of fluid and electrolyte management, a critical component of patient care and a significant section of the NCLEX examination. Our quiz offers a comprehensive review of fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and their implications for patient ...Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common ...Measure intake and output every 4 hours. b. Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula. c. Increase the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr. d. Place the client in a high-Fowler's position. B. After teaching a client who is being treated for dehydration, a nurse assesses the client's understanding.Abstract. Maintaining adequate fluid and electrolyte balance is an important aspect of all patient care. The intravenous nurse's skill and expertise in starting and maintaining i.v. access is extremely vital to providing adequate fluids and electrolytes. Children and infants present unique problems in the management of fluid and electrolyte ...NURSING CARE PLAN OF CLIENT. WITH FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE. A. FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 1. Definition of Body Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. The balance of fluid in the body fluid compartment; total body water; blood volume; extra cellular space; intracellular space, etc., maintained by processes in the …Electrolytes are substances that play an essential role in maintaining the body's normal physiological functions. They are responsible for regulating fluid balance, nerve and muscle function, and acid-base balance. As a nurse, understanding the importance of electrolytes is critical in providing quality care. Electrolyte imbalances can lead to ...

The pathological etiology, risk factors and the signs and symptoms related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances were fully discussed immediately above in the section entitled "Identifying the Signs and Symptoms of the Client's Fluid and/or Electrolyte Imbalances". Managing the Care of the Client with a Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance. The care ...

Nursing Care Plan for Dehydration 1. ... To replenish the fluids and electrolytes lost from vomiting or other gastric losses, and to promote better blood circulation around the body. ... Substantially lower urine production than fluid intake indicates a fluid volume imbalance, hence needing extra fluid to avoid dehydration.Maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes is crucial to the care of patients across the continuum. To do this, a practitioner must be cognizant of key monitoring and …2. Administer intravenous fluid replacement as ordered. Intravenous fluid replacement can help manage fluid loss, prevent dehydration, and correct electrolyte imbalances in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. 3. Provide ice chips. The patient may not be able to tolerate large quantities of food or liquids.Collaborate with the interdisciplinary team in creating the plan of care. ... Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding can experience fluid and electrolyte imbalances leading to decreased cardiac output. Generally, an isotonic crystalloid solution like lactated Ringer's solution is often ordered. 5. Prepare and initiate blood transfusions as ...It is merely intended as a general informational overview of the subject for the healthcare professional. Cinahl Information Systems, 1509 Wilson Terrace, Glendale, CA 91206 Patient will verbalize Educate patient on understanding of disease process and s/ electrolyte imbalances s of complications of electrolyte imbalances Fluid balance will be ...A care plan focuses on alleviating or eliminating the problem the nurse identified. For a nursing diagnosis of excessive fluid volume, the focus of the care plan is to maintain a patient's fluid and electrolyte balance as evidenced by absence of symptoms associated with excess fluid volume. Evaluation. The nurse implements her care plan after ...Abstract. Maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes is crucial to the care of patients across the continuum. To do this, a practitioner must be cognizant of key monitoring and assessment parameters. Key electrolytes, their function within the body, normal values, signs and symptoms of imbalances, key treatment modalities, and other ...Sep 21, 2022 ... Nursing care plan on Hypervolemia | Nursing care plan on Fluid Volume Excess|Fluid overload NCP @anandsnursingfiles See more videos of ...Differences between generations at work show up in conference rooms, communications styles and job satisfaction levels, as well as the most valued perks. Differences between genera...

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Acid-base balance. A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about the nursing process when caring for a client who has an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should include that the stages of the nursing process should be performed in what order? Assessment, Analysis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation. A nurse is assessing a client who has …Fluid and electrolyte balance. ... Electrolyte imbalance is common. Liver function is often impaired in the chronic alcoholic, and ammonia intoxication can occur if the liver is unable to convert ammonia to urea. ... This care plan handbook uses an easy, three-step system to guide you through client assessment, nursing diagnosis, and care ...A plan of care for Ms. B. would be to urge oral fluid intake of at least 2 liters a day and movement while in bed to avoid skin ulcers (Ignatavicius, 2018, p. 172). Some daily assessments would include taking vitals, watching intake and outtake, and monitoring electrolytes level.Electrolyte imbalance is a problem that occurs when there is diarrhea and significant vomiting. Dehydration occurs when fluids and electrolytes are excessively expelled from the body due to a disease such as gastroenteritis, which produces vomiting and diarrhea, and can disrupt the body's fluid, acid, and electrolyte homeostasis.About Open RN. Table 15.6d. Interventions for Imbalances. Nursing Diagnosis. Interventions. Excessive Fluid Volume. Administer prescribed diuretics to eliminate excess fluid as appropriate and monitor for effect. Monitor for side effects of diuretics such as orthostatic hypotension and electrolyte imbalances. Position the patient with the head ...Jan 5, 2021 · Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia Nursing Care Plan 1. Nursing Diagnosis: Electrolyte Imbalance related to hypokalemia as evidenced , serum potassium level of 2.9 mmol/L, polyuria, increased thirst, weakness, tachycardia, and fatigue. Desired Outcome: Patient will be able to re-establish a normal electrolyte and fluid balance. Electrolytes play an important role in several body mechanisms, to name a few it helps maintain acid base balance, membrane potential, muscle contraction, nerve conduction and control body fluid. Alterations in electrolytes homeostasis may lead to physiologic disorders. Insulin has been shown to activate Na± /K± -ATPase enzyme.Fluid and Electrolytes - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online.Fluid and electrolyte balance must also be maintained for the management of many clinical conditions. Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases.[ 1 , 2 ] Imbalances in every electrolyte must be considered in a combined and associated fashion, and examinations must aim to clarify the clinical scenario for an effective and ... ….

D) Keep client on complete bed rest. A) Monitor fluid intake and output. A 25-year-old client is admitted to a healthcare facility with complaints of fever, vomiting, and watery diarrhea for 2 days. On examination, the client has dry skin, delayed skin turgor, and hypotension.Measure intake and output every 4 hours. b. Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula. c. Increase the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr. d. Place the client in a high-Fowlers position. ANS: B - Dehydration most frequently leads to poor cerebral perfusion and cerebral hypoxia, causing confusion. Applying oxygen can reduce confusion, even if perfusion is ...Electrolyte Imbalance Treatment. Treatment for an electrolyte imbalance can include: Intravenous fluids (IV fluids) Medications. For severe cases, your child's nephrologist may recommend hemodialysis. The pediatric nephrologists with Norton Children's Nephrology, affiliated with the UofL School of Medicine, have the expertise to treat ...Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They are in your blood, urine and body fluids. Maintaining the right balance of electrolytes helps your body's blood chemistry, muscle action and other processes. Sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, phosphate and magnesium are all electrolytes.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A patient is prescribed an electrolyte replacement. How should the nurse explain the purpose of an electrolyte to the patient? a. Any substance that enhances a chemical reaction b. A chemical that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water c. A substance that uses electrical current to attach to receptor sites d. A substance ...Safe intravenous fluid prescription in children requires an understanding of certain basic principles to avoid adverse events. Careful consideration needs to be given to both the appropriate rate and composition of the fluids to be administered with frequent re-assessment. This review will examine the indications for parenteral fluid management; maintenance requirements, correction of any ...Identifying risks and possible causes helps formulate a care plan that will prevent confusion and changes in mentation. Interventions: 1. Assist in correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances can cause acute confusion. Addressing and correcting these imbalances will help resolve acute confusion. 2.Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They are in your blood, urine and body fluids. Maintaining the right balance of electrolytes helps your body's blood chemistry, muscle action and other processes. Sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, phosphate and magnesium are all electrolytes. Learn about fluid and electrolyte imbalances as you follow the nurse's care plan for management and intervention. Important assessments will be discussed to go over replacement therapy do's and ... Fluid and electrolyte imbalance care plan, Learn about fluid and electrolyte imbalances as you follow the nurse's care plan for management and intervention. Important assessments will be discussed to go over replacement therapy do's and ..., A nurse develops a plan of care for an older client who has a fluid overload. What interventions will the nurse include in this client’s care plan? ( Select all that apply.) a. Calculate pulse pressure with each blood pressure reading. b. Assess skin turgor using the back of the client’s hand. c. Assess for pitting edema in dependent body ..., 81. The nurse is caring for several patients with electrolyte imbalances. Which intervention is included in the plan of care for a patient with hypocalcemia? a. Implementing an oral fluid restriction of 1500 mL/day b. Implementing a renal diet c. Providing moderate environmental stimulation with music d. Placing the patient on seizure precautions, The use of diuretics may result to excessive fluid shifts and electrolyte loss. CHF Nursing Care Plan 6 Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to decreased myocardial blood flow as evidenced by pain score of 10 out of 10, verbalization of pressure-like/ squeezing chest pain (angina), guarding sign on the chest, blood pressure level of 180/90 ..., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which medical diagnosis would cause the nurse to include nursing interventions appropriate for hyponatremia in the plan of care? 1. Diabetes insipidus 2. Cushing syndrome 3. Congestive heart failure 4. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, The IV prescription reads "1000 mL of D5.45 normal …, Importance of maintaining a proper fluid intake Specific to your client Urine output can be an indicator for hypovolemia or onset of renal damage (Ackley pg. 371) Increases and decreases in electrolytes are indicators of fluid volume imbalances (Ackley pg. 376) These are symptoms of decreased body fluids (Ackley pg. 380) Clients need to be ... , Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is caring for a client who exhibits dehydration-induced confusion. Which intervention should the nurse implement first? a. Measure intake and output every 4 hours. b. Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula. c. Increase the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr. d. Place the client in a high-Fowlers position, A nurse is assessing ..., and treatments, can disrupt a patient’s fluid and electrolyte balance. Even a patient with a minor illness is at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Fluid Volume Deficit (Hypovolemia) Fluid Volume Excess (Hypervolemia) The body loses water all the time. A person responds to the thirst reflex by drinking fluids and eating foods that ..., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting for 3 days. What acid-base imbalance related to the loss of stomach acid does the nurse observe on the arterial blood gas (ABG)? a. metabolic acidosis b. respiratory acidosis c. metabolic alkalosis d. respiratory alkalosis, Upon assessment of a client's ..., Learn about fluid and electrolyte imbalances as you follow the nurse's care plan for management and intervention. Important assessments will be discussed to go over replacement therapy do's and ..., Administer plasma or blood, fluids, electrolytes, ... Patients with peritonitis are at risk of fluid imbalances due to fluid shifts, inflammation, and sepsis. ... This care plan handbook uses an easy, three-step system to guide you through client assessment, nursing diagnosis, and care planning. Includes step-by-step instructions showing how to ..., 2. Administer intravenous fluid replacement as ordered. Intravenous fluid replacement can help manage fluid loss, prevent dehydration, and correct electrolyte imbalances in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. 3. Provide ice chips. The patient may not be able to tolerate large quantities of food or liquids., This care plan handbook uses an easy, three-step system to guide you through client assessment, nursing diagnosis, and care planning. Includes step-by-step instructions showing how to implement care and evaluate outcomes, and help you build skills in diagnostic reasoning and critical thinking. ... Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances. Fluid Balance ..., An 8 month old with a fever of 102.3 'F and diarrhea. B. A 55 year old diabetic with nausea and vomiting. C. A 5 year old with RSV. D. A healthy 87 year old with intermittent episodes of gout. 3. A patient is admitted to the ER with the following findings: heart rate of 110 (thready upon palpation), 80/62 blood pressue, 25 ml/hr urinary output ..., See more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like a. Increased, bounding pulse b. Jugular venous distention d. Presence of crackles f. Elevated blood pressure h. Skin pale and cool to touch, a. Game with four players on one side and eight on the other; two move over to create six per side., b., Welcome to your NCLEX reviewer and practice questions for fluids and electrolytes.In this nursing test bank, test your competence on the concepts of homeostasis, fluids, and electrolytes.Fluid and electrolyte balance plays an important role in homeostasis, and critical care nurses assume a vital role in identifying and treating the physiologic stressors experienced by critically ill patients ..., Electrolytes play a crucial role in overall health and well-being as they help to control nerve and muscle function as well as maintain fluid balance in the body. An electrolyte imbalance can cause mild to severe symptoms and can even have fatal consequences in some situations. Hot climates, endurance sports, illnesses, and dehydration can all ..., Fluid and Electrolytes Practice Questions with Answers and Practice Questions. Two key concepts to know for the NCLEX ® exam regarding electrolytes are therapeutic range and homeostasis. Therapeutic range is defined as the range of concentration for which the drug is most effective and least toxic. For electrolytes, it is important to monitor ..., Nursing Care Plans. Acute Confusion. Decreased Cardiac Output. Deficient Fluid Volume. Excess Fluid Volume. Ineffective Tissue Perfusion. References. Signs …, Which electrolyte imbalance does the nurse suspect?, Which fruit will the nurse remove from the dietary tray of a patient with high potassium levels? and more. ... Ch 11 care of patients with problems of fluid and electrolyte balance. 72 terms. Britteny_Perry. Preview. Fluid and Electrolytes. 38 terms. KCoctober. Preview. Module 13 Mobility. 14 ..., Hypocalcemia & Hypercalcemia: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans. Calcium is an electrolyte necessary for numerous cellular and enzymatic processes. 99% of the total amount of calcium in the body is found in the skeleton and it is a crucial part of bone ossification. Soft tissues and extracellular fluids contain the other 1%., o Electrolyte imbalances (deficit or excess) can occur alone or with ECV and/or osmolality imbalance. The primary electrolytes to focus on are: Sodium: Key electrolyte in maintaining fluid balance; found primarily within extracellular space Potassium: Cardiac rhythm, muscle contraction; found primarily within intracellular space, Dec 21, 2020 · Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia Nursing Care Plan 1. Nursing Diagnosis: Electrolyte Imbalance related to hyponatremia as evidenced by nausea, vomiting, serum sodium level of 100 mEq/L, irritability, and fatigue. Desired Outcome: Patient will be able to re-establish a normal electrolyte and fluid balance. , Plan of care. Teaching plan. Response to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. Attainment or progress toward desired outcomes. Modifications to plan of care. Long term needs. Practice Quiz: Appendicitis. Here’s a 5-item quiz about the study guide. Please visit our nursing test bank for more NCLEX practice questions. 1., Practice questions and answers for Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances prepu ch. 10 fluid and electrolytes the nurse is assessing residents at summer picnic at. ... The nurse is assigned to care for a client with a serum phosphorus concentration of 5 mg/dL (1. mmol/L). ... Takes high doses of vitamin D c. Follows a high-fiber eating plan d. Works ..., A loss of bodily fluids most often causes an electrolyte imbalance. This can happen after prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating, due to an illness, for example. It can also be caused by: fluid ..., Fluid volume deficit also known as dehydration can be a common occurrence and nursing diagnosis for many patients. Dehydration is when there is a loss …, Jan 3, 2022 ... Immunization Schedule | Vaccination Schedule ... Hypernatremia In Hindi - Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance // Medical Surgical Nursing Lecture., Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common ..., 2. Periodic laboratory screening and healthcare follow-up to assess for signs and symptoms of fluid and electrolyte imbalances and to monitor effects of specific drug therapies and chronic and acute illnesses. 3. Daily minimum fluid intake of 1,500-2,000 mL, spread throughout the day with adequate hydration at meals and pill administration times., Hyponatremia reflects an excess of total body water (TBW) relative to total body sodium content. Because total body sodium content is reflected by extracellular fluid (ECF) volume status, hyponatremia must be considered along with status of the ECF volume: hypovolemia, euvolemia, and hypervolemia (see table Principal Causes of …, Learn how to manage hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, two common electrolyte imbalances, with nursing diagnosis and interventions. Find out the causes, symptoms, and treatments for these conditions and how to monitor and prevent complications., Assessment & Care of Patients with Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances. An older adult patient with a history of renal failure is brought in to the emergency department with sudden onset of acute confusion, worsening muscle weakness in the extremities, abdominal cramps, and a weak, rapid, and thready pulse.