Haplogroup e1b1b1

Those Y chromosomes assigned to haplogroup E1b1b1 were screened further using the multiplex assay, Hg-E1b1b1, which consisted of the markers M78, M148, M81, M107, M165, M123, M34, M136 and M281 (Figure 1g). When a sample was found to be ancestral for the M40 polymorphism, it was screened for the mutations that defined …

Haplogroup e1b1b1. mtDNA haplogroup. K1a9. Jun 3, 2014. #8. So it according to ISOGG 2014 Y-DNA the clusters of E1b1b1 (the haplogroup I belong to) are seen today in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa. This brings up a question, if the clusters (or subclades, correct me if I'm wrong) of E1b1b1 are …

A large majority of the Berber-speaking male lineages belonged to the Y-chromosomal E1b1b1b-M81 haplogroup. The frequency ranged from 79.1% to 98.5% in all localities sampled. E1b1b1b2-M183 was the most dominant subclade in our samples, ranging from 65.1% to 83.1%. In contrast, the E1b1b1b1-M107 and E1b1b1b2a-M165 …

Haplogroup E-P147. Haplogroup E-P147 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup E-P147, along with the less common haplogroup E-M75, is one of the two main branches of the older haplogroup E-M96. The E-P147 clade is commonly observed throughout Africa and is divided into two subclades: the less common, haplogroup E …Haplogroup E-M123. In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E-M123 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, and defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M123. Like its closest relatives within the larger E-M215 haplogroup, E-M123 is …Six haplogroup C chromosomes (samples 34–39 in Table S1) were analyzed for the eleven haplogroup C-specific mutations and for SNPs defining branches C1 to C6 in the tree by Karafet et al. . Through this analysis we identified a chromosome from southern Europe as a new deep branch within haplogroup C (C-V20 or C7, Figure S1 ).Hi everyone, I just got my Y DNA haplogroup and it is E-M35. From the non-stop reading Ive been doing, this falls into the E1b1b1 subgroup. I am seeing many of my matches with the haplogroup E-L117 however. In some literature, they say M35 and L117 are pretty much identical (same E1b1b1 group).De Standaard, a Dutch-language newspaper from Belgium, published an article relating that Adolph Hitler could have belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b, based on the results of paternal relatives of the dictator. This is highly ironic since E1b1b is the predominant haplogroup among North African, Ethiopians, Somalians and Near …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Features of the Distribution of Haplogroups of the Y-Chromosome. The frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroups in a sample of men from St. Petersburg (N = 150) and previously obtained comparative data for Moscow [] are presented in Table 1.In the sample from St. Petersburg, the following Y-chromosome haplogroups are most …

The Insider Trading Activity of Bettinger Walter W on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks E1b1b1 - E-M35. E1b1b1a2 - E-V13; E1b1b1c1 - E-M34; Famous Members. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of the French; William Harvey (1578-1657, English physician; How to Participate. To participate in this project, join or follow the project, then add your oldest known ancestor who belonged to this haplogroup. Aug 15, 2012 · Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ... Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2012 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 8 November 2012 Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ...We're exploring the top-tier loyalty programs in Las Vegas, as well as a few others you may find useful on your trip to Sin City. Editor’s note: This is a recurring post, regularly...In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome ... Haplogroup E1b1b (M215) Haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) Found in Horn of Africa, North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe ...In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of languages, the high frequency of R haplotypes, which are otherwise uncommon in most of Africa, seems to be relevant for judging the strength of the ...Conquistadores E1b1b1 haplogroup which accounts for approximately 30% of Latin American Y-chromosomes. Conquistador meaning is "conqueror" in the Spanish and Portuguese languages is the term widely used to refer to the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain …

We're exploring the top-tier loyalty programs in Las Vegas, as well as a few others you may find useful on your trip to Sin City. Editor’s note: This is a recurring post, regularly...It uses the classic format. The columns display each project member's kit number, paternal ancestry information according to project settings, the paternal tree branch (haplogroup), and actual STR marker results. The color coding of STR marker names is explained here. In the haplogroups column, haplogroups in green are confirmed by SNP testing.The shared presence of haplogroup E1b1b1-M35 in all Tanzanian tribes examined, including Bantu and non-Bantu groups, in conjunction with its nearly complete absence in the West African populations indicate that, in addition to a shared linguistic, cultural and genetic heritage, geography (east vs. west) may have impacted the paternal …When a contentious issue takes flight on Twitter, a general consensus on it starts emerging within hours, according to a new academic study. And within a few days, it’s easy to see...Haplogroups E1b1b1c1 ( M34) and E1b1b1c1a (M84) among Jews. Could Abraham be E1b1b 1c1. or E1b1b1c1a? A.A. Aliev, D.L. Tartakovsky. Abstract. The …

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This comes from a study of men believed to share patrilineal origin with Hitler. It is difficult to see how much of the hype is due to the original geneticists or to the "journalists" who report on the work. These "Jewish and African" roots are supposedly due to the fact that Hitler belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1.Among the chromosomes possessed by Hitler's relatives was one, Haplogroup E1b1b1, rarely found on Western Europe, but considered one the "founding lineage groups" for Ashkenazi and Sepharadic Jews.Jan 6, 2011 · The new topology of the tree has important implications concerning the origin of haplogroup E1b1. Secondly, within E1b1b1 (E-M35), two haplogroups (E-V68 and E-V257) show similar phylogenetic and geographic structure, pointing to a genetic bridge between southern European and northern African Y chromosomes. E1B1B1 is of Levant origin, E1B1A is East African. These 2 haplogroups cover ancient Israelites. I see KingSlav is back teaching us about population genetics again. Be wary of people who tend to glorify the past, underestimate the …Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ...

Haplogroup E-V38, also known as E1b1a-V38, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.E-V38 is primarily distributed in Africa.E-V38 has two basal branches, E-M329 and E-M2. E-M329 is a subclade mostly found in East Africa. E-M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the region of African Great …E-M215, also known as E1b1b-M215, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M215 has two basal branches, E-M35 and E-M281. E-M35 is primarily distributed in North Africa and the Horn of Africa, and occurs at moderate frequencies in the Middle East, Europe, and Southern Africa. E-M281 occurs at a low frequency in Ethiopia.Haplogroup E1b1b1 lunes, 29 de octubre de 2012In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of languages, the high frequency of R haplotypes, which are otherwise uncommon in most of Africa, seems to be relevant for judging the strength of the ...E1b1a is the most common lineage among African Americans. E1b1b1 probably evolved either in Northeast Africa or the Near East and then expanded to the west--both north and south of the Mediterranean Sea. E1b1b1 clusters are seen today in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa.ISOGG. v. t. e. A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, [1] [2] and a haplogroup ( haploid from the Greek: ἁπλοῦς, haploûs, "onefold, simple" and English: group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation. [3] Haplogroup K itself is thought to have originated in Western Asia some 12,000 years ago. A 2006 study by Behar et al., [66] based on high-resolution analysis of Haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", likely of mixed European and ... E1b1b1 - E-M35. E1b1b1a2 - E-V13; E1b1b1c1 - E-M34; Famous Members. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of the French; William Harvey (1578-1657, English physician; How to Participate. To participate in this project, join or follow the project, then add your oldest known ancestor who belonged to this haplogroup. The E-CTS5856 Story. E-CTS5856 's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor E-CTS8814 and the rest of mankind around 2950 BCE. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 2400 BCE. He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as E-Z16663 and E-BY4877.Editor: Powered entirely by our undying love of lists - and in the spirit of Mr. Letterman - today we unveil our new tag, the Lifehacker Top 10, a weekly list of the creme de la cr... e. In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

About us. The E-M35 Phylogeny Project (formerly known as the E3b Y-DNA Project) is a repository of haplotype and haplogroup data collected from participants in many countries around the world. It is open to persons from all surnames and all geographical regions that have been predicted or tested as E1b1b1 (formerly E3b) in any of its subclades.

Descendants – Y-DNA haplogroup E-V22. Descendants. T-zone. The spread of E-V22 descendants reaches a wide span. It’s like a T zone. Vertical: Egypt and the Southern Levant in the centre and Southwards to Horn of Africa. This is the oldest spread with the highest percentages up to 88% of the Saho in Eritrea.Nowadays E1b1b is the only Mediterranean haplogroup consistently found throughout Europe, even in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Baltic countries, which are conspicuous …Haplogroup E-P2, also known as E1b1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-P2 has two basal branches, E-V38 and E-M215. E-P2 had an ancient presence in East …This is the worldwide project for haplogroup E1b1b1 (former E3b) and all its subclades. If your Y-DNA haplogroup has been confirmed or predicted as E1b1b1 (formerly known as E3b) or any of its subclades, you are cordially invited to join us in our quest to understand the bigger picture of our ancient Y-DNA lineage.Jul 28, 2011 · Abstract and Figures. The existence of common SNP mutations for a number of clusters, subclades and unclassified members of hap-logroup E1b1b1 was suggested. TMRCA of common branches for several ... Haplogroup E-P2, also known as E1b1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-P2 has two basal branches, E-V38 and E-M215. E-P2 had an ancient presence in East …Toilet paper and tissue can't be that different right? They're both used on sensitive areas of the body. HowStuffWorks unrolls the issue. Advertisement Your nose is running, so you...

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YDNA E-M35.1 (E1b1b1, former E3b) Public group. ·. 926 members. Join group. To share knowledge and discuss genetics. We welcome anyone who belongs to E, E1, E1b, E1b1, E1b1b or E1b1b1 Y-DNA haplogroups There are some rules...Here, we describe a system for the molecular dissection of haplogroup E-M78 (E1b1b1a), consisting of multiplex polymerase chain reaction and minisequencing of M78 and nine population-informative Y-SNPs (M148, M224, V12, V13, V19, V22, V27, V32, V65) in a single reaction. Sensitivity and admixture studies demonstrated that the SNP protocol ...The E1b1b1 haplogroup (formerly known as haplogroup E3b1) has been observed in all Jewish groups worldwide. It is considered to be the second most prevalent haplogroup among the Jewish population. According to one major paper it has also been observed in moderate numbers among individuals from Ashkenazi, ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of the Jewish population. Many victims of Hitler's Holocaust, like Anne Frank, were Ashkenazi.Ángel Carracedo, Paula Sánchez-Diz, Eduardo Arroyo-Pardo & Leonor Gusmão. European Journal of Human Genetics 21 , 324–331 ( 2013) Cite this article. 9845 Accesses. 13 Citations. 39 …Editor: Powered entirely by our undying love of lists - and in the spirit of Mr. Letterman - today we unveil our new tag, the Lifehacker Top 10, a weekly list of the creme de la cr...This is the worldwide project for haplogroup E1b1b1 (former E3b) and all its subclades. If your Y-DNA haplogroup has been confirmed or predicted as E1b1b1 (formerly known as E3b) or any of its subclades, you are cordially invited to join us in our quest to understand the bigger picture of our ancient Y-DNA lineage. Haplogroup E1b1b1, mainly in the form of its E1b1b1a2 (E-V13) sub-clade, reaches frequencies above 47% around the area of Kosovo. This clade is thought to have arrived in Europe from western Asia either in the later Mesolithic, [51] or the Neolithic. [81] Among the haplogroups represented among modern Jews, the frequency of more than 10% can be divided into three of them. They are J1 (M267), J2 (M172) and E1b1b1 (M35) [1]. According to recent studies, J1 and J2 claim the role of «haplogroups of Abraham», the legendary ancestor of the Jews and Arabs [2]. Despite the fact that the … ….

South Windsor, Connecticut is a picturesque, historic town with a stable economy and lots to offer nature lovers. It's one of Money's Best Places to Live. By clicking "TRY IT", I a...In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the Chadic family of...Most Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in Africa, however, is present within macrohaplogroup E that seem to have appeared 21 000–32 000 YBP somewhere between the Red Sea and Lake Chad. The combined analysis of 17 bi-allelic markers in 1214 Y chromosomes together with cultural background of 49 populations displayed in …Haplogroup E1b1b1 was found in two individuals (one Anteony and one Ampanabaka). This haplogroup is generally attributed to eastern Africa and it is also found at moderate frequencies in North Africa and the Middle East. Haplogroup E2b was present in an Ampanabaka individual and was present at 7% in the Antalaotra.Ángel Carracedo, Paula Sánchez-Diz, Eduardo Arroyo-Pardo & Leonor Gusmão. European Journal of Human Genetics 21 , 324–331 ( 2013) Cite this article. 9845 Accesses. 13 Citations. 39 …Phylogenetic trees. There are several confirmed and proposed phylogenetic trees available for haplogroup E-P177. The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published in Karafet et al. (2008) and subsequently updated. A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center …In each of the examined Armenian populations, we witness moderate levels of haplogroups T-M184, G-M201 and E1b1b1-M35. Interestingly, haplogroup T-M184, which is relatively rare in other Near Eastern populations, as well as in three of the Armenian collections tested here, represents the most prominent descent in Sasun, comprising …It is approximately located at E-M2 and E-M180. Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in northern hemisphere of Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two major sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b. Haplogroup e1b1b1, We observe highly similar haplogroup profiles between the three ancient groups (Fig. 3a), supported by low FST values (<0.05) and P values >0.1 for the continuity test. Modern Egyptians share this profile but in addition show a marked increase of African mtDNA lineages L0–L4 up to 20% (consistent with nuclear estimates of 80% non-African ..., Originally found at Dienekes . Andrew Lancaster, Y Haplogroups, Archaeological Cultures and Language Families: A Review of the Possibility o..., Dec 19, 2013 · Dec 19, 2013. #6. TheKingIam said: I HAVE NOTICED THAT, East African Somalis and Ethiopians are all carriers of an old subclade of E1B1B and they carry some European haplogroups. Berbers from coastal North Africa are also heavy E1B1B e-m81 carriers ( a newer subclade) and all their maternal haplogroups are European/Eurasian. , The shared presence of haplogroup E1b1b1-M35 in all Tanzanian tribes examined, including Bantu and non-Bantu groups, in conjunction with its nearly complete absence in the West African populations indicate that, in addition to a shared linguistic, cultural and genetic heritage, geography (east vs. west) may have impacted the paternal …, LOT Polish Airlines will add new nonstop service between New York JFK and the Polish city of Krakow. LOT Polish Airlines will add new nonstop service between New York JFK and the P..., It is approximately located at E-M2 and E-M180. Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in northern hemisphere of Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two major sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b., Jan 6, 2011 · The new topology of the tree has important implications concerning the origin of haplogroup E1b1. Secondly, within E1b1b1 (E-M35), two haplogroups (E-V68 and E-V257) show similar phylogenetic and geographic structure, pointing to a genetic bridge between southern European and northern African Y chromosomes. , E-V32, a subclade of E1b1b1a-V68. We can assume that R1b-V88 adopted Afroasiatic (Chadic) when it arrived in the Levant and from there spread to Africa. these are the Afroasiatic languages spoken 1000 - 2000 years ago : Berber is asociated with E-M81, Kushite with E-V32 and Chadic with R1b-V88. Arabic spread later, ca 4 ka., E1B1B1 is of Levant origin, E1B1A is East African. These 2 haplogroups cover ancient Israelites. I see KingSlav is back teaching us about population genetics again. Be wary of people who tend to glorify the past, underestimate the …, The first tested in haplogroup E1b1b1. His pedigree traces back to Kent in a line very close to that of G. Marion Norwood Callam, who authored Norwoods I,II, III. Another descendant in this line tested R1b1b2, so these results were unexpected. The second participant from England tested in haplogroup I2a, a haplogroup that has its epicenter in ..., E1b1b1 = M35 is thought to have arisen 25,000 years ago., known currently as E1b1b1c1, originated in Anatolia. From there it spread West into Europe and South into the Middle East and Africa. ... mtDNA Haplogroup H probably evolved in West Asia ~30,000 years ago and then arrived in Europe ~20-25,000 years ago, spreading rapidly to the southwest ..., Haplogroup E1b1b1 shows the greatest divergences, with F CT = 0.233, with p-value = 0.00067. The parameter set for BATWING is described in the …, 057559/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom. We have characterized the Y chromosome carried by President Thomas Jefferson, the general rarity of which supported the idea that he, or a patrilineal relative, fathered the last son of his slave Sally Hemings. It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only approximately 1% of chromosomes …. , Read about the progress made on our Today's Addition master bedroom home remodeling project. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radi..., One dominant group remained in North East Africa, mixed with older humans, giving brh to DE and became the ancestor of the present-day Niger-Congo and Bantu farmers. The study confirms that both DE and E were born in North East Africa and all the evidence is looking like Haplogroup E1b1b also developed in Africa., 33 percent of men who live in the town of Abergele in North Wales have the Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b1, probably from migrations from the Balkans. The sample size was 18. "'Extraordinary' genetic make-up of north east Wales men." BBC News (July 19, 2011). Dr. Andy Grierson of the University of Sheffield comments on the finding of E1b1b1 in a large ..., E1b1b1 HAPLOGROUP - 01 JAMES #454088 William E. James b 1815 GA d 1871 (Tallapoosa, AL) 1850 oling Monroe Co, GA Charles Wesley James b 1856 (Tallapoosa/Macon, AL) d 1924 (Lee, AL) Edmund Hulin James b 1892 (Lee, AL) d 1947 (Lee, AL) JAMES #252503 Abner James 1803 to 1870 JAMES #79014, Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18% to 20% of Ashkenazi and 8.6% to 30% of Sephardi Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of the Jewish population. And the Museum of Learning : The E1b1b1 haplogroup formerly known as E3b1 has been observed in all Jewish groups worldwide. …, The second most frequent Y-haplogroup was E, subclade E1b1b1-M123 (21.05%) followed by Y-haplogroup J1-M267 with a frequency of 14.04%. Additional Y-haplogroups are found but at lower frequencies. Most of the Armenian Cypriots were assigned to Y-haplogroup R1b-M343/M415 (28.57%). Y-haplogroup J2a-L559 is found …, TPG investigates whether you can travel internationally with an expired green card, or what other steps you can take to ensure your trip plans aren't derailed. Traveling with an ex..., Rothschild DNA Project - Y-DNA Classic Chart. For genealogy within the most recent fifteen generations, STR markers help define paternal lineages. Y-DNA STR markers change (mutate) often enough that most men who share the same STR results also share a recent paternal lineage. This page displays Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) STR results …, Revel is available in New York City and parts of New Jersey. All rides are in bright blue Teslas, and you can often save when using Revel! We may be compensated when you click on p..., It uses the classic format. The columns display each project member's kit number, paternal ancestry information according to project settings, the paternal tree branch (haplogroup), and actual STR marker results. The color coding of STR marker names is explained here. In the haplogroups column, haplogroups in green are confirmed by SNP …, Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2012 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 8 November 2012 Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ... , We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us., The E Y-haplogroup has always been associated with Africa, but in Europe there is one ancient branch E-BY3880 (V13), which expanded out of Greece and the Balkans. ... Africa (Z958) and Europe (M2, mostly V38). Figure A1. Phylogenetic tree of E1b1b1 (M35) Source: Eupedia The prolific haplogroup M35 (E1b1b1] is the progenitor of V13 in Europe and ..., , The E-M35 Story. E-M35 's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor E-M215 and the rest of mankind around 32,000 BCE. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 23,000 BCE. He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as E-V68 and E-Z827., The shared presence of haplogroup E1b1b1-M35 in all Tanzanian tribes examined, including Bantu and non-Bantu groups, in conjunction with its nearly complete absence in the West African populations indicate that, in addition to a shared linguistic, cultural and genetic heritage, geography (east vs. west) may have impacted the paternal …, We know from this and other studies that E1b1b1 dominates the Berber speaking area, leaving the Siwa result as quite surprising and unique. This in turn raises the question of what other surprising and unique populations may exist in other oases and unsampled regions., Nov 18, 2014 · It is approximately located at E-M2 and E-M180. Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in northern hemisphere of Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two major sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b. , Aug 24, 2010 · Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of ... , 2) Haplogroup E and its parent clade haplogroup DE originated with Northeast Africans (or possibly even Near Easterners), not with Bantus. This is because Horners have the highest frequencies of haplogroup E, the highest variety of different sub-clades of the haplogroup (i.e. the highest diversity), and the exclusive presence of the …