Ipack block cpt code

Femoral nerve catheters were placed under ultrasound guidance and dosed with 10-20 mL of lidocaine 2% or bupivacaine 0.25%. The nerve block catheters were infused with a solution of 0.1% …

Ipack block cpt code. CPT® Knowledge Base is a compendium of real life coding questions asked by the coding community and answered by CPT® coding experts. Over 2900 questions and authoritative answers from the CPT® professionals at the AMA. Get specific answers to challenging coding questions, and search the knowledge base of others' real world questions.

Background and objective: An ultrasound-guided anesthetic technique targeting the interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (iPACK) can provide posterior knee analgesia with preserved motor function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the peroneal nerve motor-sparing effects of iPACK block …

CPT code 97110 provides information about medical procedures and services to payers and indicate that the procedure involves therapeutic exercises that develop endurance, range of ...This transient block may be explained by pooling of local anesthetic around the common peroneal nerve after spreading from the IPACK injection site.4,5 Addition of the IPACK block to the ACB or FNB contributed to marginally lower mean pain scores in patients on POD 0; however, the analgesic benefit of the IPACK block was diminished on POD 1 ...Block at a Glance Infiltration around the sensory branches that provide innervation to the knee joint (genicular nerves) before they enter the knee capsule. Indications: Chronic knee pain, total knee arthroplasty, or procedures associated with moderate to severe postoperative knee pain Goal: Local anesthetic spread next to the genicular arteries (if …Aug 17, 2018. #3. 76942 (x2) with 64447 & 64448. I have billed Medicare (Novitas) for CPT 64447 WITH 76942 (Ultra Sound Guidance) and CPT 64448 WITH 76942 for POST OP pain after a Total Knee Replacement. Modifier 26 is added to CPT 76942 for both line items. Each procedure is reported as a separate line item. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In looking at Local Coverage Article A55584, it states "Noridian is issuing coding guidance for billing the use of Dolor Technologies SphenoCath (R) device or OTHER SIMILAR DELIVERY DEVICES. To bill for these devices use CPT (R) 64999 as described in CPT Assistant (July 2014, Volume 24, Issue 7, pages 8-9). Is it fair to … 10275 W. Higgins Rd. Suite 500, Rosemont, IL 60018. Phone: 847-692-7050 Based on Medicare rules, regulations, and National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits, CPT codes 64400-64530 (Peripheral nerve blocks-bolus injection or continuous infusion) may be reported on the date of surgery if performed for post-operative pain management only if the operative anesthesia is general anesthesia, subarachnoid injection or ...

The femoral nerve block (one of the most common nerve blocks, according to a recent ABC client survey) is coded with CPT code 64447 for a single injection and 64448 for a catheter insertion.0. Dec 16, 2021. #1. What Code do you use for I-Pack (Interspace between popliteal artery and capsule of posterior knee). We have used 64450 Many problems with insurance denials. I have had 2 providers tell me that this injections is to capture all the genicular nerve branches so my thought is 64454. Or would you use unspecified code 64999.(ACB) are appropriate blocks for total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, neither provides posterior knee analgesia, which may lead to inadequate pain control in patients that do not receive a supplemental block to control posterior knee pain. The Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Knee (iPACK) block was introduced ...In contrast, the erector spinae is a group of muscles and tendons extending the length, and on both sides, of the spine. It is not a separately identified spinal nerve or branch. Therefore, code 64999, Unlisted procedure, nervous system, would be the most appropriate code to report for this type of procedure, as stated in the January 2018 issue ...Background. The combination of adductor canal block (ACB) and infiltration between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK) block may provide sufficient motor-sparing anterior and posterior knee analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.This study aimed to determine if ACB with iPACK block was noninferior to …Ping This Code for PENG Blocks. Published on Fri Aug 05, 2022. Question: Do you know which CPT® code we should use for a PENG block? Ohio Subscriber. Answer: There are two scenarios in which a provider might use a PENG (pericapsular nerve group) block — and you code them differently. Scenario 1: The provider administers a PENG block to the ...

Whether it’s your annoying ex, a persistent telemarketer orFor the iPACK block, a high-frequency ultrasound transducer was used to visualize the popliteal artery and posterior surface of the distal femoral shaft after adductor canal catheter insertion. Using an in-plane approach, a 20-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted from medial to lateral to position the needle tip between the popliteal artery and ... Four codes in the CPT code set describe transversus abdominis plane (TAP block): 64486- 64489. Codes 64486 and 64487 are used to report a unilateral TAP block. Codes 64488 and 64489 are reported for the administration of a bilateral TAP block. These codes distinguish injection (64486, 64488) from continuous infusion (64487, 64489). Apr 26, 2024 · The AHA Coding Clinic for HCPCS includes: The official publication for Level I HCPCS (CPT-4 codes) for hospital providers. Also specific Level II HCPCS codes for hospitals, physicians and other health professionals. Current newsletters added each quarter. Full Archives back to 2001. Fully searchable through Find-A-Code's Comprehensive Search. Comparison of adductor canal block and IPACK block (interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee) with adductor canal block alone after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective control trial on pain and knee function in immediate postoperative period. Sankineani SR, Reddy ARC, Eachempati KK, Jangale …Currently, there is no specific CPT code to report an iPACK block. Therefore, code 64999, Unlisted procedure, nervous system, should be reported. It is important to avoid selecting a CPT code that merely approximates the service provided; therefore, if a specific code does not

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The femoral nerve block (one of the most common nerve blocks, according to a recent ABC client survey) is coded with CPT code 64447 for a single injection and 64448 for a catheter insertion.Purpose of Review In this review, we discuss the essential iPACK (Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee) anatomy, block technique as well as potential complications, contraindications, and relevant literature evaluating the efficacy of the iPACK block. Recent Findings Recent literature supports …Purpose Combination of regional anaesthesia technique that is most effective in analgesia and postoperative functional outcome with the fewest complications needs investigation. Interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee block (IPACK) has been introduced clinically. We evaluated the efficacy of IPACK in combination with other nerve blocks after total knee ...Coding Clinic for HCPCS (Third Quarter 2019) says to report CPT code 64450, Injection, anesthetic agent; other peripheral nerve or branch, for the coccygeal nerve block. So according to Coding Clinic, the appropriate codes for this case would be 64450, 20605, and 77002. The problem I have with this advice is that 64450 is for peripheral nerve ...Results. Post-implementation, 48/50 (96%) of TKA patients received an IPACK block, and they were compared with 32 patients in the PRE group. On POD 0, the lowest pain score (median [10th–90th percentiles]) was significantly lower for the POST group compared to the PRE group (0 [0–4.3] vs. 2.5 [0–7]; P = 0.003).Looking at the lateral branch nerve is a peripheral nerve and would be reported with CPT code 64450, Injection, anesthetic agent; other peripheral nerve or branch, when a lateral branch nerve block is performed. Please note: CPT code 64450 should only be reported per nerve or branch and not per injection.

The American Medical Association and the American Hospital Association agree: Practices should report the Infiltration between the Popliteal artery and Capsule …Distal IPACK block were better able to preserve the normal motor function of the common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve compared with those who received the proximal IPACK block or TNB; Kampitak2020(Comparison B) Thailand: 2018.02–2019.01: 27 (81.8%) 28 (87.5%) 26.3 (3.8) 28.6 (3.9) See in Kampitak2020 (Comparison A) See in Kampitak2020 ...Several studies have suggested that the addition of iPACK block (the popliteal artery and the posterior knee capsule have been given interspace local anesthetic infiltration) might get better analgesia than adductor canal block (ACB) only after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This paper compiles all available evidence on the effect of two …In this video we discuss the rationale, anatomy, sonoanatomy, technique and tips and tricks for performing the iPACK blockCPT® Knowledge Base is a compendium of real life coding questions asked by the coding community and answered by CPT® coding experts. Over 2900 questions and authoritative answers from the CPT® professionals at the AMA. Get specific answers to challenging coding questions, and search the knowledge base of others' real world questions. The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT ®) code 64454 as maintained by American Medical Association, is a medical procedural code under the range - Introduction/Injection of Anesthetic Agent (Nerve Block), Diagnostic or Therapeutic Procedures on the Somatic Nerves. IPACK block is a technique to block the posterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. It is an unlisted procedure and should be coded as 64999, Unlisted …Comparison of adductor canal block and IPACK block (interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee) with adductor canal block alone after total knee arthroplasty: A prospective control trial on pain and knee function in immediate post-operative period. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018; 28:1391–5.

Four codes in the CPT code set describe transversus abdominis plane (TAP block): 64486- 64489. Codes 64486 and 64487 are used to report a unilateral TAP block. Codes 64488 and 64489 are reported for the administration of a bilateral TAP block. These codes distinguish injection (64486, 64488) from continuous infusion (64487, 64489).

Not sure if this helps, but Aetna requires IPACK blocks to be billed with 64450. If you’re billing 64999, that could be the reason for the denial. At least for Aetna cases. Same. ESP and TAP, best way to see efficacy is …AMA CPT ® Assistant - 2022 Issue 12 (December) Reporting Planar Blocks (December 2022) December 2022 pages 12-14 Reporting Planar Blocks Fascial plane blocks such as pectoralis (PECS), fascia iliaca, and interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (iPACK) have been recognized as alternatives to epidural, …Abstract. Posterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is common despite multimodal analgesia and regional anesthesia use. This review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing analgesic outcomes after inclusion of local anesthetic infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee (iPACK) block versus pathways without iPACK.Question: Do you know which CPT ® code we should use for a PENG block? Ohio Subscriber. Answer: There are two scenarios in which a provider might use a PENG (pericapsular nerve group) block — and you code them differently. Scenario 1: The provider administers a PENG block to the femoral and obturator nerve pericapsular branches to …IPACK Block. Interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) blocks are used at HSS to reduce pain after knee surgery. Patients who have …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.The interspace between the popliteal artery and posterior capsule of the knee (IPACK) block is an analgesic method for treating posterior knee pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).1,2,3 Anesthesiologists administer the IPACK block in combination with a femoral nerve block (FNB) or adductor canal block (ACB) to provide postoperative analgesia to the entire knee.2,3 There is ... The iPACK block is a motor-sparing analgesic intervention that blocks the articular branches of the tibial, common pero - neal and obturator nerves in the popliteal region. Indications (Patient Selection) The iPACK block is indicated for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Functional Anaomt y. IPACK block reduced the incidence of posterior knee pain 6 h postoperatively. Given the relative ease and safety profile, it may have a potential role as part of the multimodal analgesia after knee arthroplasty, particularly as a distinct alternative to sciatic nerve blockade that does not affect motor function. The IPACK block can also …

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The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT ®) code 64416 as maintained by American Medical Association, is a medical procedural code under the range - Introduction/Injection of Anesthetic Agent (Nerve Block), Diagnostic or Therapeutic Procedures on the Somatic Nerves.Based on Medicare rules, regulations, and National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits, CPT codes 64400-64530 (Peripheral nerve blocks-bolus injection or continuous …64488 - CPT® Code in category: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block... CPT Code information is available to subscribers and includes the CPT code number, short description, long description, guidelines and more. CPT code information is copyright by the AMA. Access to this feature is available in the following products: Find-A-Code Essentials.Comparison of adductor canal block and IPACK block (interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee) with adductor canal block alone after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective control trial on pain and knee function in immediate postoperative period. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018;28(7):1391–5.IPACK block: CPT codes covered if selection criteria are met: IPACK block – no specific code: Other CPT codes related to the CPB: 27447: Arthroplasty, knee, condyle and …The adductor canal (a.k.a subsartorial canal, Hunter’s canal) is an about 8-10 cm long aponeurotic tunnel and located distal to the midpoint of the anteromedial thigh from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus. Located inside the canal are the: the (superficial) femoral artery. the femoral vein. the saphenous nerve.Genicular nerve injections require documentation that the superolateral, superomedial and inferomedial nerves have been targeted and is reported with the new CPT code 64454. Providers must document the specific nerves blocked to allow for correct coding of this service.Nov 15, 2023 · The iPACK block targets the articular sensory branch of the sciatic nerve while sparing the motor branches of the tibial nerve (TN) and CPN, thereby avoiding the foot drop that occurs with the sciatic nerve block. iPACK is an alternative analgesic adjuvant to femoral or adductor canal block for posterior knee pain. From this location, slide the transducer proximally until the flat posterior aspect of the shaft of the femur becomes visible. Insert the needle in-plane from the medial (or lateral) side, toward the space between the popliteal artery and femur. Inject 1-2 mL of local anesthetic to confirm correct needle position. Complete the block with 15-20 mL.Answer:The adductor canal pain block for a single shot would be reported with code 64447, Injection, anesthetic agent; femoral nerve, single. Question: What is the correct CPT code for adductor canal continuous catheter pain block? Answer:Code 64448, Injection, anesthetic agent; femoral nerve, continuous infusion by catheter (including …Decision Health, DecisionHealth - 2022 Issue 4 (April) New coding guidance: Report IPACK with 64450 or 64999? It depends. The American Medical Association and the American Hospital Association agree: Practices should report the Infiltration between the Popliteal artery and Capsule of the Knee block (IPACK) with unlisted code 64999. ….

• iPACK. This block is an injection between the popliteal artery and the posterior compartment of the knee. Analgesia is provided to the posterior aspect of the knee. The block is a sensory block, unlike the sciatic or popliteal block, so there is no loss of motor function to the patient’s leg, which makes it easier to ambulate more quickly ...Based on Medicare rules, regulations, and National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits, CPT codes 64400-64530 (Peripheral nerve blocks-bolus injection or continuous infusion) may be reported on the date of surgery if performed for post-operative pain management only if the operative anesthesia is general anesthesia, subarachnoid injection or ...In the healthcare industry, accurate coding is essential for proper billing and reimbursement. Two important coding systems used are CPT codes and diagnosis codes. These codes play...In looking at Local Coverage Article A55584, it states "Noridian is issuing coding guidance for billing the use of Dolor Technologies SphenoCath (R) device or OTHER SIMILAR DELIVERY DEVICES. To bill for these devices use CPT (R) 64999 as described in CPT Assistant (July 2014, Volume 24, Issue 7, pages 8-9). Is it fair to …A novel nerve block technique described by Sanjay Sinha, MD, from Hartford, CT, is an ultrasound (US)-guided local anesthetic injection between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the knee (IPACK).17 By targeting only the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve, the IPACK block provides an alternative for decreasingIn contrast, the erector spinae is a group of muscles and tendons extending the length, and on both sides, of the spine. It is not a separately identified spinal nerve or branch. Therefore, code 64999, Unlisted procedure, nervous system, would be the most appropriate code to report for this type of procedure, as stated in the January 2018 issue ...Several studies have suggested that the addition of iPACK block (the popliteal artery and the posterior knee capsule have been given interspace local anesthetic infiltration) might get better analgesia than adductor canal block (ACB) only after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This paper compiles all available evidence on the effect of two ...Answer: The iPACK block is directed at a tissue plane, not at a specific nerve. Currently, there is no specific CPT code to report an iPACK block. Therefore, code 64999, Unlisted procedure, nervous system, should be reported. It is important to avoid selecting a CPT code that merely approximates the service provided; therefore, if a specific ...For the iPACK block, a high-frequency ultrasound transducer was used to visualize the popliteal artery and posterior surface of the distal femoral shaft after adductor canal catheter insertion. Using an in-plane approach, a 20-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted from medial to lateral to position the needle tip between the popliteal artery and ... Ipack block cpt code, Purpose: Combination of regional anaesthesia technique that is most effective in analgesia and postoperative functional outcome with the fewest complications needs investigation. Interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee block (IPACK) has been introduced clinically. We evaluated the efficacy of IPACK in …, Background: Adductor canal block (ACB) is a peripheral nerve blockade technique that provides good pain control in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty which however does not relieve posterior knee pain. The recent technique of an ultrasound-guided local anesthetic infiltration of the interspace between popliteal artery and the capsule of …, • iPACK. This block is an injection between the popliteal artery and the posterior compartment of the knee. Analgesia is provided to the posterior aspect of the knee. The block is a sensory block, unlike the sciatic or popliteal block, so there is no loss of motor function to the patient’s leg, which makes it easier to ambulate more quickly ..., Waterproofing a block foundation wall is critical to keeping the underside of a home as dry as possible and preventing the growth of mold and mildew. Expert Advice On Improving You..., AHA Coding Clinic ® for HCPCS - 2019 Issue 4; Ask the Editor iPack nerve block. An infiltration (injection) between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee (iPACK) block is administered to the patient following a knee procedure for post-operative pain management., The time to first rescue analgesia in the adductor canal block was 7.92 ± 0.44, while the adductor canal block with the IPACK block group was 9.73 ± 0.63. Thobhani et al. ( 2015 ) found that IPACK decreased opioid consumption in patients with arthroplasty of the knee, providing effective supplemental analgesia compared to blocking the knee ..., The iPACK block was first introduced by Dr. Sanjay Sinha. The acronym iPACK stands for i nfiltration between p opliteal a rtery and c apsule of the k nee. The block is performed …, Phone: 913-327-5999 Address: P.O. Box 7228 Overland Park, KS 66207, 64488 - CPT® Code in category: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block... CPT Code information is available to subscribers and includes the CPT code number, short description, long description, guidelines and more. CPT code information is copyright by the AMA. Access to this feature is available in the following products: Find-A-Code Essentials., Use this page to view details for the Local Coverage Article for Billing and Coding: Nerve Blocks for Peripheral Neuropathy. ... Posted 01/26/2023 Under CPT/HCPCS Codes Group 2 Codes CPT code 76882 had a description change. This revision is due to the Annual 2023/Q1 CPT/HCPCS Code Update and is effective …, Answer: The iPACK block is directed at a tissue plane, not at a specific nerve. Currently, there is no specific CPT code to report an iPACK block. Therefore, code 64999, Unlisted procedure, nervous system, should be reported. It is important to avoid selecting a CPT code that merely approximates the service provided; therefore, if a specific ..., When employees use company time to perform personal activities, such as chatting with personal contacts using Google Chat, it can interfere with performance and increase project co..., Report the appropriate anesthesia code and time, but do not report 62311. The patient is fully under anesthesia when the block is performed. These cases are rare, but may occur. For instance, if the patient is unable to hold still to receive the block (for example, due to patient age or mental status)., The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT ®) code 64416 as maintained by American Medical Association, is a medical procedural code under the range - Introduction/Injection of Anesthetic Agent (Nerve Block), Diagnostic or Therapeutic Procedures on the Somatic Nerves., Purpose The infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (iPACK) has been described to provide analgesia without loss of muscle strength and is effective in functional recovery. This study compared iPACK + ACB (adductor canal block) with PAI (periarticular infiltration) + ACB and ACB alone in terms …, The iPACK block is a motor-sparing analgesic intervention that blocks the articular branches of the tibial, common peroneal and obturator nerves in the popliteal region. It provides pain relief to the posterior aspect of the knee after total knee arthroplasty., Aug 12, 2022 · Background Several studies have suggested that the addition of iPACK block (the popliteal artery and the posterior knee capsule have been given interspace local anesthetic infiltration) might get better analgesia than adductor canal block (ACB) only after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This paper compiles all available evidence on the effect of two analgesia regimens (ACB and iPACK + ACB ... , What is an ipack block CPT code? The IPACK block is directed at a tissue plane, not at a specific nerve. Currently, there is no specific CPT code to report an IPACK block. Therefore, code 64999, Unlisted procedure, nervous system, should be reported., Typically, 20 mL (range of 15 -25 mL) of local solution is infiltrated in the tissue plane. Ropivacaine 0.2% or Bupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000 can be used for iPACK. With the scanning procedure described above, the image required for iPACK can be developed with patient in supine (knee flexed or extended) or lateral decubitus ..., Aug 17, 2018. #3. 76942 (x2) with 64447 & 64448. I have billed Medicare (Novitas) for CPT 64447 WITH 76942 (Ultra Sound Guidance) and CPT 64448 WITH 76942 for POST OP pain after a Total Knee Replacement. Modifier 26 is added to CPT 76942 for both line items. Each procedure is reported as a separate line item., For the iPACK block, a high-frequency ultrasound transducer was used to visualize the popliteal artery and posterior surface of the distal femoral shaft after adductor canal catheter insertion. Using an in-plane approach, a 20-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted from medial to lateral to position the needle tip between the popliteal artery and ..., Individual Current Procedural Terminology codes are available online for free through the CPT Code/Relative Value Search, according to the American Medical Association. It is possi..., The lower Timed Up and Go test scores on postoperative days 1 and 2, along with a shorter duration of hospitalization, were found in the iPACK+LIA+CACB group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The addition of an iPACK block to the LIA and CACB does not reduce the postoperative opioid consumption nor improve analgesia. However, it may improve immediate ..., From this location, slide the transducer proximally until the flat posterior aspect of the shaft of the femur becomes visible. Insert the needle in-plane from the medial (or lateral) side, toward the space between the popliteal artery and femur. Inject 1-2 mL of local anesthetic to confirm correct needle position. Complete the block with 15-20 mL., Apr 8, 2022 · It depends. by: Julia Kyles, CPC. Effective Apr 8, 2022. Published Apr 8, 2022. Last Reviewed Apr 14, 2022. The American Medical Association and the American Hospital Association agree: Practices should report the Infiltration between the Popliteal artery and Capsule of the Knee block (IPACK) with unlisted code 64999. But Aetna has other ideas. , IPACK Block. Interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) blocks are used at HSS to reduce pain after knee surgery. Patients who have …, CPT code 99214 is a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code that is used in the medical field. According to E/M University, CPT 99214 refers to a Level 4 established office patie..., Apr 8, 2022 · It depends. by: Julia Kyles, CPC. Effective Apr 8, 2022. Published Apr 8, 2022. Last Reviewed Apr 14, 2022. The American Medical Association and the American Hospital Association agree: Practices should report the Infiltration between the Popliteal artery and Capsule of the Knee block (IPACK) with unlisted code 64999. But Aetna has other ideas. , If you get healthcare services and receive a statement or bill, you’ll see medical CPT codes on the paperwork. But what do they all mean? Here’s a guide to reading CPT codes to see..., Aug 17, 2018. #3. 76942 (x2) with 64447 & 64448. I have billed Medicare (Novitas) for CPT 64447 WITH 76942 (Ultra Sound Guidance) and CPT 64448 WITH 76942 for POST OP pain after a Total Knee Replacement. Modifier 26 is added to CPT 76942 for both line items. Each procedure is reported as a separate line item., The femoral nerve block (one of the most common nerve blocks, according to a recent ABC client survey) is coded with CPT code 64447 for a single injection and 64448 for a catheter insertion., IPACK block is a technique to block the posterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. It is an unlisted procedure and should be coded as 64999, Unlisted …, The IPACK block is postulated to provide posterior knee analgesia through blockade of terminal branches innervating the posterior knee capsule, while sparing the tibial and peroneal nerves. The risk of neural and vascular injury exists during the IPACK block due to the presence of the popliteal vessels and tibial and peroneal nerves near the ...