Mediastinum unremarkable

Request an Appointment. 410-955-5000 Maryland. 855-695-4872 Outside of Maryland. +1-410-502-7683 International. Pneumomediastinum, also known as mediastinal emphysema, is a condition in which air is present in the space in the chest between the two lungs.

Mediastinum unremarkable. Thorax is a rigid bony box with a fixed space.The intra thoracic organs are snugly arranged within the cavity.The two lungs on either side with the heart in the middle fill the major volume of the mediastinum .In physiological conditions the volume of mediastinum remain almost constant , except for the respiratory swings.

This study evaluated how often clinically significant lung nodules were detected unexpectedly on chest radiographs (CXR) by artificial intelligence (AI)—based detection software, and whether co ...

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two pleural sacs. It contains most of the thoracic organs, and acts as a conduit for structures traversing the thorax on their way into the abdomen. Anatomically, the mediastinum is divided into two parts by an imaginary line that runs from the sternal angle ...Normal Mediastinal Anatomy. The mediastinum is the compartment situated between the lungs, marginated on each side by the mediastinal pleura, anteriorly by the sternum and chest wall, and posteriorly by the spine and chest wall. It contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, considerable fat, and a number of lymph nodes.Asymptomatic BHL, in association with an unremarkable physical examination or acute symptoms (i.e. uveitis, polyarthritis or erythema nodosum), was highly suggestive of sarcoidosis. Conversely, BHL indicated malignancy when associated with anaemia, a pleural effusion or anterior mediastinal mass, peripheral lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly .Diagnosing and Staging Lung Cancer Involving the Mediastinum. Septimiu Dan Murgu , MD , FCCP. The purpose of this article is to provide an update on evidence-based methods for mediastinal staging in patients with lung cancer. This is a review of the recently published studies and a summary of relevant guidelines addressing the role of CT scan ... The heart is located in the middle mediastinum. Other visible structures of the mediastinum should also be checked when viewing a chest X-ray. These include the aortic knuckle, descending aorta, aortopulmonary window, and right paratracheal stripe. Some structures of the mediastinum are not visible on a chest X-ray, for example the oesophagus ... Abstract. The mediastinum contains vital vascular and nonvascular organs and other structures, and a wide variety of neoplasms and other abnormalities may originate from this anatomic region of the chest. Division of the mediastinum into distinct compartments helps narrow the differential diagnosis of mediastinal abnormalities detected on ...Mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. Unremarkable refers to normal ( Nothing exceptional to comment about) Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the bodyBy A. Mendelson, MD May 4, 2022. Please read the disclaimer. Lung base means a process at the bottom of the lungs. The lungs have left upper and lower lobes and right upper, middle, and lower lobes on the right. When we say lung base, we mean the bottom of the lower lobes on both sides. This is a common location for abnormalities.

The meaning of MEDIASTINUM is the space in the chest between the pleural sacs of the lungs that contains all the tissues and organs of the chest except the lungs and pleurae; also : this space with its contents.Dec 16, 2020 ... I got a chest x-ray at my local hospital. The report in my health app says that the results are “unremarkable.” Just…. nothing worth commenting ...The visceral mediastinum contains important vascular and non-vascular structures including the heart, great vessels, lymph nodes, and portions of the esophagus and trachea. Multiple imaging modalities, including chest radiography, computed tomography, MR imaging, and nuclear medicine studies, can be used to detect, …Although one could expect that nodules attached to the costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic pleura would be of a similar nature to PFNs, the literature has paid little attention to these pleural-attached nodules. As a result, the ACR Lung-RADS committee cited insufficient evidence to support the same approach for considering other pleural ... Grossly Unremarkable Meaning. Grossly Unremarkable means that a close examination of an affected part of a body with the naked eye did not reveal anything peculiar. Therefore, it is ‘grossly’ understandable that nothing was worth diagnosing, or in other words, it is ‘unremarkable.’. This does not necessarily mean that everything is okay. The mediastinum is divided into three parts: Front (anterior) Middle. Back (posterior) Mediastinal masses , abnormal masses such as cysts and tumors, can form in the mediastinum. Mediastinitis may occur when contents from the esophagus leak into the mediastinum, causing irritation and infection.

Online Primary Care Doctors Accepting New Patients. $44 video appointments available today with a membership as low as $15/month. Book a Video Appointment. Ask your question. Meet your new favorite doctor. Radiologist talk: This means th radiologist didn't see any fractures or dislocations in the chest x-ray or ct scan. Divisions of the mediastinum: The mediastinum consists of two regions the superior and inferior region. The inferior region can be divided into three divisions: anterior, middle, and posterior. The superior region is located above the level of the pericardium. The superior border is outlined by the thoracic inlet, the anterior boarder by the ...Soft tissue abnormalities are often overlooked. Soft tissues may be mistaken for lung pathology. Smooth black lines in the soft tissue may represent normal fat - but irregular black areas may represent surgical emphysema. It is essential to assess the soft tissues on every chest X-ray you examine. You will often find important clues to help ...Tumors of trachea and bronchi are uncommon and can occur in the form of benign or low- and high-grade malignant tumors. Although tracheobronchial tumors (TBTs) represent only 0.6% of all pulmonary tumors, they are clinically significant. Delays in diagnosis of these tumors commonly occur because the signs and symptoms caused by these tumors are ...

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INTRODUCTION. With chest CT becoming widely popular in routine clinical practice and cancer screening, the detection of asymptomatic anterior mediastinal lesions has increased [1,2].According to previous studies, the prevalence of incidental anterior mediastinal lesions range from 0.5%-0.9% [1,3,4].Thymic cysts are the most prevalent benign lesions, and thymic neoplasms are a major concern ...What does the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable on a chest x-ray mean? Updated: 9/6/2023. Wiki User. ∙ 12y ago. Best Answer. the lining sac for the heart is within normal limits.An unremarkable cardiomediastinal silhouette can rule out various conditions or abnormalities that might affect the heart or mediastinum. These might …The mediastinum is the part of the chest that lies between the sternum and the spinal column, and between the lungs. This area contains the heart, large blood vessels, windpipe (trachea), thymus gland, esophagus, and connective tissues. The mediastinum is divided into three sections: Anterior (front) Middle. Posterior (back)

The Middle Mediastinum. The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two pleural sacs. It contains most of the thoracic organs, and acts as a conduit for structures traversing the thorax on their way into the abdomen. Anatomically, the mediastinum is divided into two parts by an imaginary line that runs ...I51.7 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM I51.7 became effective on October 1, 2023. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of I51.7 - other international versions of ICD-10 I51.7 may differ. Applicable To. Cardiac dilatation. Cardiac hypertrophy.An angiolipoma is a benign tumor, and a primary mediastinal angiolipoma is extremely rare. Herein, we describe the presentation and management of a posterior mediastinal angiolipoma in a woman with loss of consciousness. ... an unremarkable physical examination and normal laboratory findings. Contrast-enhanced chest CT revealed a mass 35 mm in ...Age: adult. Gender: Male. Note: This case has been tagged as "legacy" as it no longer meets image preparation and/or other case publication guidelines. x-ray. Chest x-ray demonstrates sequelae of previous CABG surgery - midline sternotomy wires and multiple mediastinal surgical clips.There is a left sided mediastinal mass that makes obtuse angles with the mediastinal contour. The hilar vessels can be seen through the mass - this is the hilum overlay sign and means this is not in the middle mediastinum. The paravertebral line can also be seen, placing this mass in the anterior mediastinum. The differential includes …Figure 3 "Coned-down" views of the upper portion of two PA chest radiographs indicating the variation in appearance of the junction of the right lung with the mediastinum. The upper radiograph demonstrates the thin posterior junction line formed by the right and left lungs meeting in the midline. Note that the posterior junction line extends above the level of the clavicles and terminates ...Ground-glass opacity is a radiological term that refers to hazy gray areas on the images made by CT scans or X-rays. It indicates increased density in these areas. Typically, the lungs appear ...흉부 엑스레이 : 정상 (normal) 어떤 것을 확인해야 하는가? 흉부 엑스레이는 어느 전공을 하는 의사이든 가장 많이 보는 엑스레이 영상일 것입니다. 그래서 그 중요성... m.blog.naver.com. . 글. 영상판독사. #흉부방사선사진 #흉부엑스레이 #엑스레이 #엑스레이판독 ...Normal adult testes are ovoid and measure approximately 3 cm (AP) x 2-4 cm (TR) x 3-5 cm (length), with a volume of 12.5-19 mL 2. However, the size of the testes decreases with age. From the mediastinum testis, several radiating septa extend into the testis forming 250-400 lobules. Each of these lobules contains 2-3 seminiferous tubules.The basics of looking at a chest x ray (recap): First look at the mediastinal contours - run your eye down the left side of the patient and then up the right. The trachea should be central. The aortic arch is the first structure on the left, followed by the left pulmonary artery; notice how you can trace the pulmonary artery branches fanning ...

This information is generally derived from the relationships among the normal anatomic structures of the mediastinum, pleura, and lungs, which represent the basis of the "cardiac silhouette" and "mediastinal lines-and-stripes" concepts that potentially play an important role in the establishment of a diagnosis or a spectrum of diagnoses before ...

Online Primary Care Doctors Accepting New Patients. $44 video appointments available today with a membership as low as $15/month. Book a Video Appointment. Ask your question. Meet your new favorite doctor. Radiologist talk: This means th radiologist didn't see any fractures or dislocations in the chest x-ray or ct scan.We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.The lung roots, or hila (singular – hilum), are complicated anatomical structures containing the pulmonary vessels and the major bronchi, arranged asymmetrically. Although the hilar lymph nodes are not visible on a normal chest X-ray, they are of particular importance clinically. Often, hilar enlargement is due to enlargement of these nodes.The mediastinum is the part of the chest that lies between the sternum and the spinal column, and between the lungs. This area contains the heart, large blood vessels, windpipe (trachea), thymus gland, esophagus, and connective tissues. The mediastinum is divided into three sections: Anterior (front) Middle. Posterior (back) The most common primary anterior mediastinal tumours are thymoma, teratoma and lymphoma; all other lesions are rare. Nonneoplastic conditions include thymic cysts, lymphangioma and intrathoracic goitre. Understanding the pathology, clinical presentation, imaging and diagnosis of the major tumour types is instrumental in the safe and efficient ... On the right side, the upper lobe was supplied with blood by a mediastinal artery in 100% of cases and by one or more fissural arteries in 88.6%. The middle lobe was usually supplied by two arteries (54.5%). The upper segment of the right lower lobe was usually supplied by a single artery (90.9%). We identified 11 variations in the vasculature ...Chest radiography (CXR), the most frequently performed imaging examination, is vulnerable to interpretation errors resulting from commonly missed findings. Methods to reduce these errors are presented. A practical approach using a systematic and comprehensive visual search strategy is described. The use of a checklist for quality control in the interpretation of CXR images is proposed to avoid ...

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What does cardiomediastinal silhouette mean? It is a medical jargon used by radiologists when interpreting chest X-ray. Cardiac silhouette refers to the outline of the heart as seen on frontal and lateral chest radiographs and forms part of the cardiomediastinal contour. The size and shape of the cardiac silhouette provide useful clues for ...Cardiomegaly CTR = 18/30 (>50%) Upper zone vessel enlargement ( 1) - a sign of pulmonary venous hypertension. Septal (Kerley B) lines ( 2) - a sign of interstitial oedema - see next picture. Airspace shadowing ( 3) - due to alveolar oedema - acutely in a peri-hilar (bat's wing) distribution. Blunt costophrenic angles ( 4) - due to ...What Does "Unremarkable" Mean In A CT Scan Report. In the context of a CT scan, or any other type of medical imaging, the term "unremarkable" typically means that no abnormal or significant findings were observed. When a radiologist reviews an imaging scan, they carefully examine each image to look for any indications of pathology or abnormalities.Gaillard F, Normal chest CT - lung window. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 03 May 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-8095ravenclawwit’s desktop is too pretty to ignore. The clock in the center is a combination of awesome-looking cyberpunk and a Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes challenge—but it’s just...The Kavanaugh hearings show that what was acceptable or unremarkable is considered criminal now. Christine Blasey Ford’s testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee today was s...TLK: Get the latest PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia stock price and detailed information including TLK news, historical charts and realtime prices. The most oversold stocks in the comm...Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and particularly rare in the mediastinum. Herein, we present a case of mediastinal PC and conduct a related literature review. We described a case of a 50-year-old female patient with PHPT due to mediastinal PC. She was initially admitted to a local hospital in her hometown with hypercalcemia and high blood ...ct. Technique: Volumetric axial images were obtained through the thorax without contrast media injection. Findings: The lungs and airways are normal. No pleural effusion or thickening. Heart size is normal. No pericardial effusion. The mediastinum structures have normal configuration. Chest wall is unremarkable. Conclusion: Normal exam.mediastinum [me″de-ah-sti´num] (L.) 1. a median septum or partition. 2. the mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and other structures and tissues. It is divided into anterior, middle, posterior, and superior ...Jan 1, 2009 · Abstract. This chapter will review the anatomy of the mediastinum and pulmonary cavities within the thorax and their contents. The wall of the thorax and its associated muscles, nerves, and vessels will be covered in relationship to respiration. The surface anatomical landmarks that designate deeper anatomical structures and sites of access and ... ….

Unilateral hilar enlargement - Lung cancer. Learning to assess the hilar structures is difficult. Normal hilar structures are asymmetric in shape but are usually similar in size and density. Discrepancy in size or density of the left and right hila may indicate a pathological process. In this image the left hilum is too big and too dense (white ...Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM), which is also known as mediastinal fibrosis or sclerosing mediastinitis, is an uncommon, benign and progressive condition characterized by an invasive proliferation of fibrous tissue within the mediastinum. Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are the major causes of the granulomatous variety, while non …The visceral mediastinum contains important vascular and non-vascular structures including the heart, great vessels, lymph nodes, and portions of the esophagus and trachea. Multiple imaging modalities, including chest radiography, computed tomography, MR imaging, and nuclear medicine studies, can be used to detect, …Coronal, sagittal, and axial views were assessed on lung and mediastinal windows. Initially, the scan was analyzed by a senior postgraduate resident with the scan being distributed into two categories; suggestive and non-suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia and was reported within the first 24 hours of scanning by a senior consultant radiologist ...Family Medicine 22 years experience. Portion of the chest: The mediastinum is the compartment in the middle of the chest between the lungs that contains the heart and esophagus. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.9k views Reviewed >2 years ago.laboratory results, and chest radiography were all unremarkable. We discovered a tumorous mass in the anterior mediastinum after a medial sternotomy. It was found in the mediastinal fat tissue in the projection of the thymus adherent on the pericardium. There were no complaints of a mass impact or structural deterioration in the mediastinum.The mediastinum is divided into the superior and inferior compartments by a plane referred to as the “transverse thoracic plane,” passing through the mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle and the junction of the T4 and T5 vertebrae (Fig. 4.1). The superior mediastinum contains the major vessels supplying the upper extremity, the ...mediastinum [me″de-ah-sti´num] (L.) 1. a median septum or partition. 2. the mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and other structures and tissues. It is divided into anterior, middle, posterior, and superior ...A detailed understanding of the structures that make up the normal contours of the heart and mediastinum (cardiomediastinal contour) on chest radiography is essential if abnormalities are to be detected. Frontal view (PA/AP) Right cardiomediastinal contour. From superior to inferior: right paratracheal stripe. seen in two thirds of normal films 1 Mediastinum unremarkable, Intrapulmonary lymph nodes may be perifissural (lying along a fissure) or juxtapleural, meaning within 15mm of visceral pleura 2. The 2024 Fleischner glossary has replaced the term juxtpleural with pleura-based and subleural or peripheral 10. The term intrapulmonary lymph nodes excludes mediastinal, hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes., The Inferior Mediastinal Nodes lie between the lower lobes of the Lungs. What does mediastinal blood pool maximum SUV is 2.5 on a PET scan? What does grossly unremarkable-sized heart mean?, Answered in 5 minutes by: Satisfied Customers: It means that your heart and the inner space that holds our heart, lungs, air & food passages, etc both are normal with no abnormality detected on the test. Ask Your Own Medical Question. Dr.Saleem. 21,987 Satisfied Customers., Jan 18, 2023 · Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a condition in which the lymph nodes in the chest are enlarged. It occurs in people with Hodgkin disease or other cancers. Infections, such as upper respiratory ... , May 1, 2023 ... Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of air in the mediastinum ... An antero-posterior (AP) chest X-ray had unremarkable mediastinal ..., The thorax is the region of the trunk that lies between the neck above and the abdomen inferiorly. The thoracic cavity contains the laterally placed pleura and lungs separated by a median partition, called the mediastinum. Extent and boundaries of mediastinum are as follows: root of neck and thoracic outlet superiorly, diaphragm inferiorly ..., effusion. Mediastinum appears unremarkable. Minimal thoracic spondylosis is seen. และได้ท า การตรวจเสมหะ3วัน ไม่พบเชื้อวัณโรค ไดร้ับยา roxithromycin, dextrometrophan, paracetamol, Enlargement of the cardiac silhouette on a frontal (or PA) chest x-ray can be due to a number of causes 1: cardiomegaly (most common cause by far) pericardial effusion. anterior mediastinal mass. prominent epicardial fat pad. expiratory radiograph. AP projection (e.g supine radiographs taken with a portable machine) Recognizing enlargement ..., Mediastinal masses are caused by a variety of cysts and tumors; likely causes differ by patient age and location of the mass (anterior, middle, or posterior mediastinum). They may be asymptomatic (common in adults) or cause systemic symptoms or obstructive respiratory symptoms (more likely in children). Testing involves CT with biopsy or ..., The thoracic mediastinum is the compartment that runs the length of the thoracic cavity between the pleural sacs of the lungs. This compartment extends longitudinally from the thoracic inlet to the superior surface of the diaphragm. Although there are no physical barriers between compartments other than the pericardium, the mediastinum is ..., The caudal mediastinum extends from the heart to the diaphragm. FIGURE 17.1 Schematic transverse image of the thorax at the level of the heart. The parietal pleura, which covers the inner margin of the thoracic wall, continues into the mediastinal pleura which separates the left and right pleural cavities., Jan 17, 2024 · Mediastinum The mediastinum is the thoracic area between the 2 pleural cavities. The mediastinum contains vital structures of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems including the heart and esophagus, and major thoracic vessels. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy. Retrosternal space obscured. , ST: Get the latest Sensata Technologies stock price and detailed information including ST news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks, GENERATED REPORT: the heart normal size. the mediastinum unremarkable. the lungs are clear. <eos> Example 2: ACTUAL REPORT: <sos> hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased ..., Mediastinal germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant neoplasms that originate from primitive germ cells, misplaced in the mediastinum during embryogenesis. These tumors are usually seen in adolescents and young adults, and include benign and malignant teratoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus (yolk sac ..., The mediastinum is the thoracic area between the 2 pleural cavities. The mediastinum contains vital structures of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems including the heart and esophagus, and major thoracic vessels including the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and aorta., If the paraesophageal hernia causes symptoms, they can include severe chest pain, problems swallowing, stomach pain, and vomiting or retching. Complications can include strangulation (loss of blood supply), a twisted stomach, bleeding ulcers, and breathing problems., abnormal contour, e.g. lymphadenopathy, anterior mediastinal mass. abnormal gas pattern, e.g. pneumomediastinum, hiatus hernia. Heart (cardiac silhouette) assess position (frontal view): normally one-third right of midline and two-thirds left of midline., An abnormally prominent hilum is either caused by exaggerated vascular shadowing or by pathological enlargement of non-vascular structures and it is important to attempt to distinguish between the two possibilities., Mediastinum Computed tomography (CT) is indispensable in imaging the mediastinum. Although conventional radiographs can show recognizable abnormalities in many patients with mediastinal pathology, radiographs are limited in their sensitivity and ability to delineate the extent of mediastinal abnormalities and the relationship of masses to specific mediastinal structures., 6.1.3 Heart. The heart, central organ of the circulatory system, is located in the mediastinum, between the lungs (Fig. 6.3 ). It looks like a conic trunk, flattened on the anterior-posterior line, with the base upward and the apex downward on the left., If the radiologist does not see anything concerning it may say “normal” or “unremarkable.” Example: Lines and Tube: None. Lungs and Pleura: Lungs are clear. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Heart and Mediastinum: Cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits. Bones: Visualized osseous structures are unremarkable. Impression, The mediastinum is the space between the mediastinal pleural reflections bound anteriorly by the sternum and posteriorly by the thoracic vertebrae. It courses from the thoracic inlet superiorly to the diaphragm inferiorly. It contains the heart, pericardium, central great vessels, esophagus, trachea, carina and proximal main stem bronchi, the ..., Anatomy of the mediastinum on a computed tomogram. a Computed tomography reconstruction of the coronary section level.b–d Transverse sections of the mediastinum from caudal.abrachiocephalic veins, AA aorta ascendens, AD aorta descendens, AO aorta, AOB aortic arch, C carotid artery, LP left pulmonary artery, LV left ventricle, Ö esophagus, RA right atrium, RP right pulmonary artery, RV right ..., Aug 13, 2015 ... unremarkable. The images of the chest demonstrate moderate level of FDG uptake within the known multiple mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes ..., Had complete cardiac check up. my microalbumin is 33.8 mg/l. what does this mean? thank you. what does it means if my cardiac size cannot evaluated (ap view)?: Chest xray: There are certain technical factors associated with a PA v., The staging of mediastinal lymph nodes for lung cancer is crucial for planning treatments or reinterventions. In potentially curable patients the aim of mediastinal staging is to exclude the presence of malignancy in mediastinal lymph nodes with a high level of accuracy while also considering clinical factors and the balance of the benefits and risks of tissue sampling techniques., By A. Mendelson, MD October 5, 2022. Please read the disclaimer. The mediastinum is the space between the right and left lungs in the chest. The mediastinum is in the middle of the chest extending from the spine to the front of the chest and the breast bone (sternum). We can see the mediastinum on all imaging studies which cover the chest., Mediastinum. Your mediastinum is a space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures. It's the middle section of your thoracic cavity, between your left and right pleural cavities (which hold your lungs). Many conditions can affect the organs and tissues in your mediastinum, including tumors and infections., Your mediastinum is the middle compartment in a large, hollow space called your thoracic cavity. Your thoracic cavity also includes two pleural cavities, which sit on each side of your mediastinum and house your lungs. Your mediastinum holds your heart and other important structures. These include part of your esophagus and portions of major ..., Customer: What does the following ct scan mean: There is no axillary or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. There is no pleural or pericardial effusion. Previously noted 3 mm left upper lobe lung nodule is no longer detected. There is a 2 mm focus of nodular thickening in the right minor fissure on image #144 of series 4., Medical meaning of no acute findings. No acute findings means there is nothing on the scan that is urgent, needs quick treatment, or is life threatening. This is a reassuring statement by the radiologist that he sees nothing on the scan that has developed recently or needs urgent treatment., Thorax is a rigid bony box with a fixed space.The intra thoracic organs are snugly arranged within the cavity.The two lungs on either side with the heart in the middle fill the major volume of the mediastinum .In physiological conditions the volume of mediastinum remain almost constant , except for the respiratory swings.